UAC-0063 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 연구 기관을 HATVIBE, CHERRYSPY, CVE-2024-23692로 타깃

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Veronika Telychko

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7월 23, 2024 · 4 분 읽기

UAC-0063 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 연구 기관을 HATVIBE, CHERRYSPY, CVE-2024-23692로 타깃

전면전 발발 이후, 우크라이나의 전면전 발발 이후, 사이버 방어자들은 우크라이나 국가 기관으로부터 정보를 수집하려는 사이버 첩보 작전의 증가량을 감지했습니다. 동일한 전술, 기술 및 절차가 북미, 유럽 및 아시아를 포함한 광범위한 지역을 대상으로 적용됩니다. 구체적으로, 2023년 5월에 UAC-0063 그룹이 사이버 첩보 작전을 시작했습니다. 우크라이나, 중앙 아시아, 이스라엘 및 인도를 대상으로 하는 사이버 첩보 작전을 시작했습니다. 그리고 이제, CERT-UA의 최근 경고에 따르면, 우크라이나의 연구 기관을 대상으로 같은 해커 집단이 주도하는 지속적인 공격 작전에 대해 사이버 방어자들을 경고하고 있습니다. CERT-UA#10356 경고에서 설명된 UAC-0063 활동 탐지

UAC-0063 그룹은 다시 사이버 위협 무대에 등장하여 우크라이나의 학술 분야를 겨냥하고 있습니다. 그룹이 다양한 적대적 도구 키트와 초기 공격 흐름에서 여러 감염 벡터를 실험할 수 있는 능력은 적극적인 방어의 필요성을 강조합니다. SOC Prime의 플랫폼은 AI 기반 탐지 엔지니어링, 자동화된 위협 사냥 및 탐지 스택 검증을 위한 완벽한 제품군을 큐레이팅하여 조직이 침투를 제때 감지하고 사이버 보안 태세를 위험 최적화할 수 있도록 지원합니다. 아래 링크를 따라가면 보안 전문가들이 최신 UAC-0063 적대 활동을 다루는 포괄적인 탐지 스택에 즉시 접근할 수 있으며, 이는 경고 ID에 기반하여 “CERT-UA#10356” 태그로 필터링됩니다.

CERT-UA#10356 경고에 기반한 UAC-0063 공격 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙

모든 탐지 알고리즘은

MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크에 매핑되어 있으며, 실행 가능한 CTI 및 메타데이터로 풍부하게 구성되어 있으며, 수십 개의 클라우드 네이티브 및 온프레미스 보안 분석 플랫폼에 배포할 준비가 되어 있습니다. UAC-0063에 기인한 최신 및 지속적인 사이버 공격에 대한 선제적 방어를 위해 보안 엔지니어는 또한아래의

탐지 탐색 버튼을 클릭하여 관련 SOC 콘텐츠에 더 많은 액세스할 수 있습니다. CERT-UA는

버튼을 클릭하여 관련 SOC 콘텐츠에 더 많은 액세스할 수 있습니다.

UAC-0063 그룹의 최근 활동과 관련된 위협을 탐지하기 위한 IOCs 콜렉션을 제공했습니다. SOC Prime의 Uncoder AI를 사용하여, 방어자들은 관련 위협 인텔리전스를 바로 맞춤형 성능 최적화 쿼리로 변환하여 선택된 SIEM 또는 EDR의 언어 형식에 맞게 간단히 IOC 매칭을 수행하고, 선택된 환경에서 사냥을 시작할 수 있습니다. UAC-0063의 최신 활동 분석 CERT-UA 연구원들은 UAC-0063 해커 집단과 관련된 새로운 악성 캠페인을 발견했습니다. 적들은 2024년 7월 8일에 우크라이나 연구 기관에 대한 공격을 감행하며 HATVIBE 및 CHERRYSPY 멀웨어를 활용했습니다.

초기 감염 단계에서 직원의 이메일 계정에 액세스한 공격자들은 원본 발신인을 포함하여 수십 명의 수신자에게 최근 발송된 이메일의 사본을 보냅니다. 주목할만하게도, 원래의 첨부 파일은 매크로가 포함된 또 다른 문서로 교체됩니다.

CERT-UA researchers have DOCX 파일을 열고 매크로를 활성화하면 매크로가 포함된 다른 파일이 생성되어 컴퓨터에서 열립니다. 이 파일은 HATVIBE “RecordsService” 멀웨어의 암호화된 HTA 파일과 악성 샘플 실행을 위해 디자인된 “C:WindowsSystem32TasksvManageStandaloneService” 스케줄된 작업 파일을 생성하고 엽니다. 더 나아가 적들은 “C: ProgramDataPython” 디렉토리로 파이썬 인터프리터와 CHERRYSPY 멀웨어를 다운로드하고 컴퓨터의 숨겨진 원격 제어 기술을 활용합니다. pyArmor로 난독화되었던 이전 멀웨어 버전과는 달리 최신 버전은 .pyd (DLL) 파일로 컴파일되었습니다.

주목할 만하게, 최근 관찰된 UAC-0063 액터의 활동은

APT28 그룹(UAC-0001)

와 관련이 있을 수 있으며, 이는 직접적으로 러시아 군대의 총참모부 본부와 연관되어 있습니다. 또한, 유사한 매크로가 포함된 DOCX 파일이 2024년 7월 16일 아르메니아에서 VirusTotal에 업로드되었으며, 이 파일의 유혹 내용은 아르메니아 공화국 국방부의 국방 정책 부서에 대해 키르기즈 공화국 국방부의 국제군사 협력 부서의 이름으로 작성된 텍스트가 포함되어 있습니다.

게다가, 2024년 6월 동안 방어자들은 HFS HTTP 파일 서버 취약점(아마도 CVE-2024-23692) 악용을 통해 HATVIBE 백도어를 설치하는 여러 사례를 관찰했습니다. 이는 UAC-0063 그룹이 초기 침해를 위한 다양한 공격 벡터를 적용함을 보여줍니다. UAC-0063 침입의 위험을 최소화하기 위해, 방어자들은 이메일 계정에 대한 2단계 인증을 활성화하고, 매크로, mshta.exe 및 기타 잠재적인 위험 소프트웨어(파이썬 인터프리터 포함)의 실행을 차단하는 정책을 적용하며, 현재의 사이버 위협 환경에 일반적인 산업의 모범 사례와 권장 사항을 따를 것을 강력히 권장합니다. MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

MITRE ATT&CK를 활용하면 우크라이나 연구 기관에 대한 최신 UAC-0063 공격과 관련된 행동 패턴에 대한 광범위한 가시성을 제공합니다. 아래 표를 탐색하여 해당 ATT&CK 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술에 대응하는 전용 Sigma 규칙의 전체 목록을 확인하세요.

CERT-UA#10356 경고에서 UAC-0063 활동과 연결된 IOC를 유니코더 AI를 활용하여 사냥하세요.

MITRE ATT&CK Context

Leveraging MITRE ATT&CK provides extensive visibility into the behavior patterns related to the latest UAC-0063 attack against Ukrainian research institutions. Explore the table below to see the full list of dedicated Sigma rules addressing the corresponding ATT&CK tactics, techniques, and sub-techniques.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Unusual Library Loading in Office Process (via image_load)
Initial Access	Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190)	Possible CVE-2024-23692 (Unauthenticated RCE Flaw in Rejetto HTTP File Server) RCE Exploitation Attempt (via webserver)
Execution	Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task (T1053.005)	Suspicious Scheduled Task (via audit)
		Suspicious Svchost LoLBin Execution (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Scheduled Task Files Access via Rare Image (via file_event)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic (T1059.005)	Unusual Library Loading in Office Process (via image_load)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python (T1059.006)	Python File Created In Unusual Directory (via file_event)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python (T1059.006)	Python Execution from Suspicious Folders (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	System Binary Proxy Execution: Mshta (T1218.005)	Suspicious Mshta Execution Without HTA File (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	Modify Registry (T1112)	Suspicious Operations on Visual Basic Object Model Settings [VBOM] (via registry_event)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

UAC-0063 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 연구 기관을 HATVIBE, CHERRYSPY, CVE-2024-23692로 타깃

MITRE ATT&CK Context

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