UAC-0020 (Vermin) 활동 탐지: 쿠르스크 전선 포로 주제를 악용한 새로운 피싱 공격과 FIRMACHAGENT 악성코드 사용

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Veronika Telychko

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8월 21, 2024 · 3 분 읽기

UAC-0020 (Vermin) 활동 탐지: 쿠르스크 전선 포로 주제를 악용한 새로운 피싱 공격과 FIRMACHAGENT 악성코드 사용

The Vermin 해킹 집단, 또한 UAC-0020으로 추적되는 이 집단은 우크라이나를 표적으로 새로운 공격 도구인 FIRMACHAGENT를 사용하여 다시 나타났습니다. 최신 공격에서 적들은 전쟁 포로와 관련된 주제로 사기를 유도하는 이메일을 전파하기 위해 피싱 공격 벡터를 활용합니다.

UAC-0020 aka Vermin 공격 분석 FIRMACHAGENT 사용

2024년 8월 19일, CERT-UA 팀은 새로운 사이버 보안 경보를 발표했습니다CERT-UA#10742, UAC-0020 해킹 그룹, 즉 Vermin으로 알려진 집단의 재등장을 사이버 위협 무대에서 다루고 있습니다. 특히, 몇 달 전 Vermin은 “SickSync” 캠페인을 우크라이나 군대에 대한 SPECTR 악성코드를 사용하여, 2022년 3월 중순에 우크라이나 정부 및 군 기관을 대상으로 주요 도구 중 하나로 사용되었습니다. 최신 캠페인에서 공격자들은 공격 도구킷의 일반적인 SPECTR 악성코드에 더하여 새로운 공격 도구인 FIRMACHAGENT 악성코드를 활용합니다.

감염 흐름은 전쟁 포로를 주제로 하는 피싱 이메일에서 시작되며, 악성 ZIP 아카이브 링크가 포함되어 있습니다. 아카이브에는 “list_of_inactive_vice_chairs_kursk.chm”이라는 CHM 파일이 포함되어 있으며, 이는 모호화된 PowerShell 스크립트 실행을 트리거하는 JavaScript 코드가 있는 HTML 파일을 포함합니다. 이는 문서, 스크린샷 또는 브라우저 데이터와 같은 민감한 데이터를 훔치는 SPECTR 악성코드의 구성 요소를 다운로드하도록 설계되었습니다. 새로운 공격 도구의 주요 기능은 훔친 데이터를 명령 서버로 업로드하는 것입니다. 또한 공격자는 SPECTR 플러그인과 FIRMACHAGENT를 관리하는 오케스트레이터 “IDCLIPNET_x86.dll”을 실행하기 위해 예약 작업을 설정하는 데 이 도구를 사용합니다.

공격 표면을 줄이기 위해 조직은 사용자 계정 권한을 제한하고, 관리자 그룹에서 제거하고, 사용자가 CHM 파일과 powershell.exe를 실행하지 못하도록 관련 정책을 구현하는 것이 좋습니다.

CERT-UA#10742 경고에 다룬 UAC-0020 공격 탐지

UAC-0020(또는 Vermin으로도 알려진) 해킹 그룹이 우크라이나 정부 및 군 조직을 표적으로 해로운 도구셋을 계속 향상함에 따라, 보안 전문가들은 실시간으로 이러한 위협을 탐지하고 대항할 수 있는 신뢰할 수 있는 방법을 모색하고 있습니다. SOC Prime Platform은 최신 UAC-0020 공격을 식별하기 위한 전용 Sigma 규칙 세트를 제공하며, 자동화된 위협 사냥, AI 기반 탐지 엔지니어링 및 고급 위협 탐지를 위한 전체 제품군과 함께 제공됩니다.

CERT-UA#10742 경고에 다룬 UAC-0020 공격 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙

모든 규칙은 30개 이상의 SIEM, EDR 및 데이터 레이크 솔루션과 호환되며, MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크 v.14.1에 매핑되어 있습니다. 또한 위협 조사를 간소화하기 위해 탐지는 위협 인텔 참조, 공격 타임라인 및 우선순위화 권장 사항을 포함한 세부적인 CTI 및 운영 메타데이터로 보강됩니다. 위의 링크를 통해 탐지 스택에 액세스하거나 맞춤 “CERT-UA#10742” 태그를 기반으로 Threat Detection Marketplace를 간단히 탐색하세요.

더 넓은 UAC-0020 탐지 범위를 찾고 있는 사이버보안 전문가들은 탐지 탐색 버튼을 클릭하여 적대적인 TTP 및 행동 패턴을 다루는 규칙 컬렉션으로 즉시 정보에 접근할 수 있습니다.

탐지 탐색

또한 조사를 원활하게 진행하기 위해 사이버 방어자는 Uncoder AI에 의존해 탐지 엔지니어링의 업계 최초 AI 조종사로서 IOCs를 즉시 사냥할 수 있으며, CERT-UA#10742 경고에 제공된 IOCs를 Uncoder AI에 붙여 넣고 사용 중인 SIEM 또는 EDR과 일치하는 맞춤 쿼리로 원활하게 변환할 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 문맥

MITRE ATT&CK을 활용하면 최신 UAC-0020 공격과 관련된 행동 패턴에 대한 광범위한 가시성을 제공합니다. 아래 표를 참조하여 해당 ATT&CK 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술을 다루는 전용 Sigma 규칙의 전체 목록을 확인하세요.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Possible Phishing Related Web Browser Activity (via process_creation)
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Link (T1566.002)	Possible Phishing Related Web Browser Activity (via process_creation)
Execution	User Execution (T1204)	Possible Execution by Writing of File with Microsoft Compiled HTML Help (.chm) Extension (via file_event)
	Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task (T1053.005)	Suspicious Scheduled Task (via audit)
	Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task (T1053.005)	Possible Execution by Scheduled Task Activity with PowerShell (via powershell)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell (T1059.001)	The Possibility of Execution Through Hidden PowerShell Command Lines (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Powershell Strings (via cmdline)
		Possible Execution by Scheduled Task Activity with PowerShell (via powershell)
		Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell (T1059.003)	Suspicious Powershell Strings (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	System Binary Proxy Execution: Compiled HTML File (T1218.001)	LOLBAS HH - HTML Help Executable Program (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	Hide Artifacts: Hidden Window (T1564.003)	The Possibility of Execution Through Hidden PowerShell Command Lines (via cmdline)
Command and Control	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	Suspicious File Download Direct IP (via proxy)
	Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols (T1071.001)	Suspicious File Download Direct IP (via proxy)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

UAC-0020 (Vermin) 활동 탐지: 쿠르스크 전선 포로 주제를 악용한 새로운 피싱 공격과 FIRMACHAGENT 악성코드 사용

UAC-0020 aka Vermin 공격 분석 FIRMACHAGENT 사용

CERT-UA#10742 경고에 다룬 UAC-0020 공격 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 문맥

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