FormBook/XLoader 멀웨어, 우크라이나 정부 기관을 대상으로 활용됨: CERT-UA 경고

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Andrii Bezverkhyi

CEO & 공동 창업자

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3월 22, 2022 · 3 분 읽기

FormBook/XLoader 멀웨어, 우크라이나 정부 기관을 대상으로 활용됨: CERT-UA 경고

이 기사는 CERT-UA의 원래 연구를 강조합니다: https://cert.gov.ua/article/37688

2022년 3월 9일, 우크라이나 컴퓨터 비상 대응 팀(CERT-UA)은 우크라이나 정부 기관이 FormBook/XLoader 악성코드를 사용한 사이버 공격을 받았다고 보고했습니다. 사용자가 악성 이메일 첨부 파일을 열 경우 악성코드가 전달됩니다.

FormBook과 그 후속 버전인 XLoader는 정보 탈취자로, Malware-as-a-Service(MaaS)로 배포됩니다. 이들은 사용자 입력을 얻고, 화면 캡처를 하며, 감염된 기기의 파일을 검색 및 상호작용합니다.

우크라이나 정부, FormBook/XLoader 타겟팅: CERT-UA 연구

“현금 지원 승인 관련 서신”이란 제목의 이메일이 우크라이나 정부 기관에 대량 발송되었습니다. 이메일 내용은 전쟁과 관련된 자금 지원에 관한 것으로, 자동으로 우크라이나어로 번역된 것으로 보입니다.

해당 이메일에는 лист підтримки.xlsx라는 이름의 XLS 첨부 파일이 있습니다. 열면 매크로가 실행되어 FormBook/XLoader v2.5 악성코드를 다운로드하고 실행합니다. 그러나 문서의 미끼 내용은 우크라이나 시민들과 관련이 없어 보입니다.

이 악성코드는 영향을 받은 기기에 저장된 소프트웨어의 자격 증명을 탈취하여 공격자의 명령 및 제어(C&C) 서버로 전송합니다.

이러한 공격은 체계적인 성격을 지니며 UAC-0041 식별자로 추적되는 활동 클러스터와 연관되어 있습니다.

CERT-UA에서 이메일 첨부 파일을 통해 전달된 FormBook/XLoader 사이버 공격을 설명하기 위해 제공한 그래픽

글로벌 침해 지표(IOC)

파일

93feeeab72617e4f5630fd79f2fdd4b6    лист підтримки.xlsx
95d60664267d442e99c41e2aa3baff68    vbc.exe
5a2c58b9ad136ecaea903e47ca7d0727    formbook.exe (Formbook)

네트워크 지표

mariya@posish[.]club
104[.]168.247.233
hxxp://103[.]167.92.57/xx_cloudprotect/vbc.exe
103[.]167.92.57
gobits3[.]com

잘못된 도메인 이름의 목록:humamzarodi[.]info
cillacollection[.]com
phy[.]wiki
londonkhaboos[.]com
robostetics[.]com
bryanheritagefarm[.]com
writingdadsobituary[.]com
uitzendstudent[.]online
kaeltefath[.]com
ooop63[.]website
oncasi-tengoku[.]com
weihiw[.]store
gameshill[.]net
clublebron[.]com
fromuktosa[.]com
hilversumrp[.]com
formigocerdanya[.]com
jokeaou[.]com
bvgsf[.]xyz
reallyreadyservices[.]com
zrbusiness[.]com
homephotomarketing[.]com
evpunk[.]com
hermanmitchels[.]com
globalprotectionllc[.]com
carlab[.]rentals
aocpaysage[.]com
g3kbwq[.]xyz
ojosnegroshacienda[.]com
greenvilletaxfirm[.]com
circuitoristorazione[.]com
chicklet[.]biz
allegiancebookkeeper[.]com
xyyvivo[.]com
cassandracheatham[.]com
gobits3[.]com
upcxi[.]xyz
adjd[.]info
hdwix[.]online
sbxtv[.]info
abodhakujena[.]com
yhomggsmtdynchb[.]store
jeffreylau[.]xyz
lovelypersonal[.]com
lwmdqj[.]com
tapelm[.]com
ulasan-online[.]com
roleplayhr[.]com
avilarts[.]com
marygracerenella[.]com
yellowumbrellamarketing[.]com
ilyapershin[.]com
bellkennedy[.]online
muhammadsaqib[.]tech
certuslogistics[.]com
unforgettableamour[.]com
jtelp[.]com
movinonuprva[.]com
xn--ltda-epa[.]com
knolmail[.]xyz
houstonorganicpestcontrol[.]com
befancie[.]com
typejitem[.]store
zqt2578[.]com
astrologyplatform[.]com

호스트 지표

%PUBLIC%vbc.exe

FormBook/XLoader를 탐지하기 위한 IOC 기반 사냥 쿼리

보안 실무자가 위에 언급된 IOC를 거의 20개의 가장 인기 있는 SIEM 또는 XDR 환경에서 실행 가능한 사용자 지정 사냥 쿼리로 자동 변환할 수 있도록, SOC Prime Platform은 Uncoder CTI 도구를 제공합니다 — now 무료로 제공 2022년 5월 25일까지 모든 등록 사용자에게.

FormBook/XLoader를 탐지하기 위한 Sigma 행동 기반 규칙

보안 전문가들은 SOC Prime Platform에 게시된 전용 Sigma 행동 기반 콘텐츠를 사용하여 FormBook/XLoader 행동 패턴 및 이 악성코드와 연관된 활동을 탐지할 수 있습니다:

FormBook Malware Behaviour (ColorCPL-LSASS Spawns CMD)

분석 의심 (cmdline을 통해 colorcpl.exe 실행)

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

보안 실무자가 FormBook/XLoader를 사용한 공격의 맥락을 더 잘 이해할 수 있도록 지원하기 위해, 이를 탐지하는 모든 Sigma 기반 규칙은 다음의 전술 및 기술을 해결하는 MITRE ATT&CK 프레임워크와 일치합니다:

Tactics	Techniques	Sub-techniques	Sigma Rules
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)		Formbook Malware Behaviour (ColorCPL-LSASS Spawns CMD)
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Visual Basic (T1059.005), JavaScript (T1059.007)	Suspicious execution of colorcpl.exe (via cmdline)

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무료 가입하기 미팅 예약하기

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

FormBook/XLoader 멀웨어, 우크라이나 정부 기관을 대상으로 활용됨: CERT-UA 경고

우크라이나 정부, FormBook/XLoader 타겟팅: CERT-UA 연구

글로벌 침해 지표(IOC)

파일

네트워크 지표

호스트 지표

FormBook/XLoader를 탐지하기 위한 IOC 기반 사냥 쿼리

FormBook/XLoader를 탐지하기 위한 Sigma 행동 기반 규칙

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

목차

이 기사가 도움이 되었나요?

관련 게시물

사이버 방어를 강화하세요 위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

FormBook/XLoader 멀웨어, 우크라이나 정부 기관을 대상으로 활용됨: CERT-UA 경고

우크라이나 정부, FormBook/XLoader 타겟팅: CERT-UA 연구

글로벌 침해 지표(IOC)

파일

네트워크 지표

호스트 지표

FormBook/XLoader를 탐지하기 위한 IOC 기반 사냥 쿼리

FormBook/XLoader를 탐지하기 위한 Sigma 행동 기반 규칙

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

#ez_toc_widget_sticky-2 .ez-toc-widget-sticky-container ul.ez-toc-widget-sticky-list li.active{ background-color: #ededed; } 목차

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관련 게시물

사이버 방어를 강화하세요 위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

목차