UAC-0180, GLUEEGG, DROPCLUE 및 ATERA를 사용하여 우크라이나의 방위 산업체를 표적으로 삼다

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Daryna Olyniychuk

마케팅 팀 리드

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7월 18, 2024 · 3 분 읽기

UAC-0180, GLUEEGG, DROPCLUE 및 ATERA를 사용하여 우크라이나의 방위 산업체를 표적으로 삼다

Accenture 연구에 따르면 2022년 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁이 시작된 이후 약 97%의 조직이 사이버 위협의 증가를 경험했으며, 지정학적 긴장이 세계 비즈니스에 미치는 중대한 영향을 강조하고 있습니다. 국가 지원 해킹 그룹은 우크라이나를 테스트 장소로 사용하면서 유럽과 북미 지역을 겨냥한 공격 전략을 확장하고 있습니다. 예를 들어, 2023년 10월 러시아 APT28 (UAC-0001) 는 프랑스의 공공 및 민간 부문을 모두 겨냥하여 2022-2023년 우크라이나에서 관찰된 동일한 취약점과 전술을 악용했습니다. 따라서, 글로벌 사이버 보안 커뮤니티가 우크라이나의 조직들에 대한 공격을 조사하여 전 세계적으로 적용되고 있는 최신의 악성 도구를 앞서 나가는 것이 중요합니다.

UAC-0180 공격 설명: GLUEEGG, DROPCLUE 및 ATERA를 활용한 우크라이나 방위 계약자 공격

2024년 7월 17일, CERT-UA는 경고를 발령했습니다. UAC-0180 그룹의 악의적 활동이 증가하고 있다는 것입니다. 이 해킹 집단은 광범위한 악성 소프트웨어를 이용하여 우크라이나 방위 회사를 지속적으로 공격하고 있습니다.

CERT-UA에 따르면, 위협 행위자들은 자주 피싱 벡터에 의존하여 침입을 진행합니다. 구체적으로, 해커들은 UAV 조달 관련 주제로 위장된 사기 이메일을 발송하여 피해자들이 첨부된 ZIP 파일 안의 PDF 문서를 열도록 유도합니다. 만약 예상치 못한 사용자가 PDF 내의 악성 URL 중 하나를 따르게 되면, “adobe_acrobat_fonts_pack.exe”가 GLUEEGG 악성 코드로 작동됩니다. GLUEEGG의 주 기능은 DROPCLUE 로더를 해독하고 실행하여 “UA-2024-07-04-010019-a-open.pdf” 및 “font-pack-pdf-windows-64-bit” EXE 파일을 목표 장치에 드롭합니다. 이는 또한 표준 “curl.exe” 유틸리티를 사용하여 합법적인 원격 관리 소프트웨어 ATERA의 MSI 파일을 설치하는 BAT 파일의 실행을 시작합니다.

UAC-0180의 공격이 넓은 지리적 범위에도 불구하고, 이 위협 행위자들은 우크라이나 방위 계약자 및 우크라이나 방위군의 네트워크에 무단 접근을 시도하고 있습니다. 적대 세력은 C (ACROBAIT), Rust (ROSEBLOOM, ROSETHORN), Go (GLUEEGG), Lua (DROPCLUE) 등 여러 프로그래밍 언어로 개발된 진화하는 악성 소프트웨어의 무기를 사용합니다. 또한, PDF 문서에 악성 링크를 첨부하여 초기 감염 단계에서 자주 사용됩니다.

CERT-UA#10375 경고에 포함된 UAC-0180 악성 활동 탐지

우크라이나 공공 및 민간 부문에 대한 사이버 공격의 수가 점점 증가함에 따라 사이버 방어자들이 즉각적으로 잠재적인 위협을 인식하고 완화할 수 있도록 초응답성이 요구됩니다. SOC Prime 플랫폼 은 보안팀에게 고급 및 비용 효율적인 위협 탐지 도구를 제공하여 사이버 방어 능력을 향상시키고 SOC 투자 가치를 극대화합니다.

SOC Prime 플랫폼은 UAC-0180 공격을 초기에 탐지하기 위해 상세한 사이버 위협 인텔리전스 와 매핑된 커리어 탐지를 포함한 포괄적인 컬렉션을 제공합니다. MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크로 매핑됩니다. 이러한 탐지 알고리즘은 다양한 SIEM, EDR, 데이터 레이크 형식으로 쉽게 변환할 수 있으며, 자동 변환 지원이 제공됩니다.

각 탐지 규칙은 “CERT-UA#10375” 및 “UAC-0180”와 같은 그룹 및 경고에 연결된 관련 식별자로 태그 지정되어 사용자가 자신의 필요에 따라 콘텐츠를 효과적으로 필터링하고 검색할 수 있습니다. 우크라이나 방위 계약자에 대한 UAC-0180 캠페인과 관련된 모든 탐지 규칙을 탐색하려면 아래의 “탐지 탐색” 버튼을 클릭하세요.

탐지 탐색

보안 전문가들은 또한 Uncoder AI, SOC Prime의 IDE를 이용한 탐지 엔지니어링, 최신 CERT-UA 경고에 제안된 IOC 기반의 즉각적인 쿼리 생성을 통해 위협 연구를 가속화할 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

MITRE ATT&CK을 활용하면 CERT-UA 연구에 의해 다뤄지고 있는 UAC-0180에 귀속된 최신 공격 작업의 컨텍스트에 대한 세부적인 가시성을 제공합니다. 아래 표에서 해당 ATT&CK 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술을 다루는 전용 Sigma 규칙의 전체 목록을 탐색하세요.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Lua Script Was Created By Executable In Suspicious Location (via file_event)
Execution	User Execution: Malicious File (T1204.002)	Possible 7Zip/RAR Self-Extracting Archive was Executed (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	System Binary Proxy Execution: Msiexec (T1218.007)	MsiExec Spawned by Shell Process (via cmdline)
Command and Control	Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols (T1071.001)	Suspicious CURL Usage (via cmdline)
	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	Suspicious CURL Usage (via cmdline)
	Remote Access Software (T1219)	Possible Command and Control Activity by Remote Access Software Domain Communication Attempt (via dns)
		Possible AtaraAgent Application Command and Control by Use of Tools Command Arguments (via cmdline)
		Windows Atera Agent Installation Attempt (via process_creation)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

UAC-0180, GLUEEGG, DROPCLUE 및 ATERA를 사용하여 우크라이나의 방위 산업체를 표적으로 삼다

UAC-0180 공격 설명: GLUEEGG, DROPCLUE 및 ATERA를 활용한 우크라이나 방위 계약자 공격

CERT-UA#10375 경고에 포함된 UAC-0180 악성 활동 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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