UAC-0149가 Signal, CVE-2023-38831 악용, COOKBOX 악성코드를 사용하여 우크라이나 방위군 공격

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Daryna Olyniychuk

마케팅 팀 리드

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4월 22, 2024 · 3 분 읽기

UAC-0149가 Signal, CVE-2023-38831 악용, COOKBOX 악성코드를 사용하여 우크라이나 방위군 공격

The UAC-0149 위협 행위자 우크라이나 정부 및 군사 조직을 대상으로 COOKBOX 악성코드를 반복적으로 사용합니다. CERT-UA의 최신 연구에서는 피싱 시그널 메세지와 CVE-2023-38831 취약점을 활용하여 대상 시스템에 COOKBOX를 배포하는 새로운 공격을 상세히 다룹니다.

UAC-0149 공격 세부 정보

UAC-0149 해킹 집단은 적어도 2023년 가을부터 우크라이나에 대한 악의적인 작전을 수행해왔습니다. 2024년 초에 CERT-UA는 우크라이나 군대에 대한 표적 공격을 밝혔습니다. 악명 높은 COOKBOX 악성코드를 가짜 시그널 메세지를 통해 전달하는 공격이었습니다.

4월 18일에 CERT-UA가 새로운 경고를 발행했습니다 COOKBOX를 활용한 새로운 침입 물결에 대한 경고였습니다. UAC-0149에 귀속된 최신 작전에서 해커들은 우크라이나 방위군 대표자들을 악성 시그널 메세지로 표적 삼고 있으며, 이 메세지에는 악성코드가 포함된 문서가 첨부되어 있습니다. 유엔 평화 운영국에서의 직위 신청에 관련된 가짜 문서들이 “Супровід.rar” 라는 이름의 아카이브를 통해 전달되며, 이 아카이브에는 WinRAR 소프트웨어에 대한 CVE-2023-38831 취약점이 포함되어 있습니다. 열 경우, 악성 RAR 아카이브는 CMD 파일 “супровід.pdf.cmd”를 실행하며, 이는 피싱 문서 “DPO_SEC23-1_OMA_P-3_16-ENG.pdf“를 열고 COOKBOX 악성코드와 관련된 PowerShell 스크립트를 실행합니다..

특히, COOKBOX 명령 및 제어 서버는 NoIP 동적 DNS 서비스를 활용합니다. NoIP 대표자들과의 협력으로 해당 도메인 이름이 이미 차단되었습니다.

이 공격 이후, CERT-UA는 시스템 관리자가 powershell.exe, wscript.exe, cscript.exe, mshta.exe 등과 같은 유틸리티 실행을 사용자에게 제한할 것을 강력히 권장합니다. SRP, AppLocker, 레지스트리 설정과 같은 표준 메커니즘을 사용하는 것이 권장됩니다.

CERT-UA#9522 경고에 포함된 UAC-0149 공격 탐지

COOKBOX 악성코드를 활용한 UAC-0149 공격의 물결이 확산됨에 따라, 보안 전문가들은 침입을 제때 감지하고 적극적으로 방어할 수 있는 신뢰할 수 있는 방법을 찾고 있습니다. SOC Prime 플랫폼은 최신 UAC-0149 활동을 탐지하기 위한 엄선된 Sigma 규칙 세트를 수집하여 고급 위협 탐지 및 사냥 솔루션과 함께 제공합니다. 또한, CERT-UA 경고 ID “CERT-UA#9522”을 기반으로 사용자 정의 태그를 적용하여 관련 탐지 스택을 브라우징할 수 있습니다.

CERT-UA#9522 경고에 포함된 UAC-0149 활동 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙

모든 탐지 알고리즘은 MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크 v.14.1에 맞춰 조정되고, 관련 위협 정보와 실행 가능한 메타데이터가 보강되며, 다양한 SIEM, EDR 및 데이터 레이크 언어 형식으로 즉시 변환 가능하여 탐지 엔지니어링 작업을 대규모로 확장할 수 있습니다.

UAC-0149 공격에 대한 광범위한 범위를 찾고 있는 사이버 보안 전문가들은 아래의 Explore Detections 버튼을 클릭하여 그룹의 TTP 및 행동 패턴을 다루는 광범위한 규칙 컬렉션에 즉시 액세스할 수 있습니다.

Explore Detections

위협 조사를 간소화하려면 Uncoder AI, 탐지 엔지니어링을 위한 업계 최초의 AI 공동 파일럿을 신뢰하십시오, 그리고 CERT-UA#9522 경고에서 제공하는 손상 지표를 즉시 사냥하십시오. Uncoder AI는 IOC 관리자 역할을 하며, CTI 및 SOC 분석가와 위협 사냥꾼이 IOC를 원활하게 구문 분석하고 이를 선택한 SIEM 또는 EDR에서 실행 가능한 사용자 정의 사냥 쿼리로 변환할 수 있게 합니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

MITRE ATT&CK을 활용하면 최신 UAC-0149 공격과 관련된 행동 패턴을 광범위하게 파악할 수 있습니다. 아래 표를 탐색하여 해당 ATT&CK 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술을 다루는 전용 Sigma 규칙의 전체 목록을 확인하십시오.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Signal Messenger Drops Suspicious Files (via file_event)
Execution	User Execution: Malicious File (T1204.002)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell (T1059.001)	The Possibility of Execution Through Hidden PowerShell Command Lines (via cmdline)
		Call Suspicious .NET Methods from Powershell (via powershell)
		Suspicious Powershell Strings (via powershell)
Persistence	Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder (T1547.001)	Possible Persistence Points [ASEPs - Software/NTUSER Hive] (via registry_event)
Persistence		Suspicious File Exstension Added to Run Keys [ASEPs] (via registry_event)
Defense Evasion	Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027)	Possible Powershell Obfuscation Indicators (via powershell)
	Masquerading: Double File Extension (T1036.007)	Possible Malicious Cmd Script With Double Extension (via cmdline)
	Hide Artifacts: Hidden Window (T1564.003)	The Possibility of Execution Through Hidden PowerShell Command Lines (via cmdline)
Command and Control	Proxy: Domain Fronting (T1090.004)	Possible Cloudflare Development Domain Abuse (via dns)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

UAC-0149가 Signal, CVE-2023-38831 악용, COOKBOX 악성코드를 사용하여 우크라이나 방위군 공격

UAC-0149 공격 세부 정보

CERT-UA#9522 경고에 포함된 UAC-0149 공격 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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