CVE-2023-38831 탐지: UAC-0057 그룹이 Rabbit Algorithm을 통해 WinRAR 제로데이를 악용하여 PicassoLoader 변종 및 CobaltStrike Beacon을 유포

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Veronika Telychko

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9월 01, 2023 · 3 분 읽기

CVE-2023-38831 탐지: UAC-0057 그룹이 Rabbit Algorithm을 통해 WinRAR 제로데이를 악용하여 PicassoLoader 변종 및 CobaltStrike Beacon을 유포

The UAC-0057 해킹 단체, 일명 GhostWriter가 2023년 4월부터 8월 사이에 들에서 익스플로잇된 CVE-2023-38831로 추적되는 WinRAR 제로데이를 악용하여 사이버 위협 무대에 다시 등장하게 됩니다. CVE-2023-38831의 성공적인 익스플로잇은 공격자가 대상 시스템을 PicassoLoader 변종과 Cobalt Strike Beacon 악성코드로 감염시킬 수 있게 합니다. 특히, 두 악성 변종은 2023년 여름에 우크라이나 정부 및 교육 부문을 대상으로 한 이전 공격에서 UAC-0057에 의해 활용되었습니다.

CVE-2023-38831 분석: 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 UAC-0057 공격, WinRAR 제로데이 악용

2023년 여름의 마지막 날, CERT-UA 팀이 새로운 경고를 발표하여 우크라이나에 대한 계속적인 공격이 진행 중임을 방어자에게 알렸습니다. UAC-0057 해커들은GhostWriter라는 별명으로도 알려져 있습니다. 최신 악성 캠페인에서 적들은 CVE-2023-38831를 악용하고 있으며, 이는 WinRAR 소프트웨어 버전 6.23 이전에 영향을 미치는 제로데이입니다. 취약점 익스플로잇은 사용자가 관련 ZIP 아카이브에서 무해한 파일을 보려고 할 때 위협 행위자들이 임의 코드를 실행할 수 있게 합니다. CVE-2023-38831은 PoC 익스플로잇이 GitHub에 공개된 상태로 실제 사건에서 관찰되었습니다. 2023년 8월에는 전 세계 증권 중개인과 거래자들에게 위험을 제기하는 CVE-2023-38831 익스플로잇 시도의 증가가 관찰되었습니다.

WinRAR 보안 버그를 무기로 삼는 최신 우크라이나에 대한 캠페인은 CVE-2023-38831 익스플로잇이 포함된 아카이브 파일로 인해 감염 체인이 시작됩니다. 성공적인 익스플로잇 시도를 통해 공격자는 CMD 파일을 실행하게 되며, 이는 다시 LNK 파일을 실행합니다. 후자는 mshta.exe 유틸리티를 통해 HTA 파일을 실행합니다. 이로 인해 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁과 관련된 파일 이름으로 PDF 유혹을 생성하고 손상된 인스턴스에서 악성 JavaScript 코드를 추가로 실행합니다. 후자는 PicassoLoader의 또 다른 변종으로, 우크라이나를 대상으로 하는 공격 캠페인에서 UAC-0057 그룹이 이전에 활용한 것이며, 이는 SVG 유혹 이미지를 다운로드하고 Rabbit 암호화 알고리즘을 활용하여 악성 .NET 파일을 해독하기 위한 것입니다. 위에 언급된 .NET 파일은 취약한 장치에 Cobalt Strike Beacon 의 배포로 이어집니다.

우크라이나 단체를 대상으로 한 UAC-0057 공격과 관련된 CVE-2023-38831 익스플로잇 시도 탐지

점점 증가하는 사이버 전쟁을 고려할 때, 적극적인 사이버 방어 조치가 그 어느 때보다도 중요합니다. SOC Prime Platform은 사이버 보안 전문가들에게 보안 팀의 역량을 강화하고 SOC 투자에 대한 ROI를 최적화할 수 있는 고급 및 비용 효율적인 도구를 제공합니다.

CVE-2023-38831 WinRAR 결함과 관련된 가능성 있는 익스플로잇 시도를 탐지하기 위해, 최신 UAC-0057 캠페인과 연결된 SOC Prime의 Threat Detection Marketplace에서 주목할 만한 시그마 규칙을 제공합니다. 모든 탐지 알고리즘은 CTI로 강화되어 있으며 MITRE ATT&CK 프레임워크에 매핑되어 있습니다. 또한, 규칙은 다중 SIEM, EDR, XDR 및 데이터 레이크 형식과 호환되며, 시그마에서 네이티브 기술 형식으로의 자동 변환을 지원합니다.

컨텐츠 검색을 용이하게 하기 위해, 모든 탐지는 그룹 및 CERT-UA 보안 알림 식별자에 기반하여 “UAC-0057” 및 “CERT-UA#7435”와 같은 관련 식별자로 분류 및 태그가 지정되었습니다. 최신 UAC-0057 공격을 포괄하는 시그마 규칙의 전체 컬렉션에 대한 종합적인 접근을 위해, 단순히 아래의 탐지 탐색 버튼을 누르십시오.

탐지 탐색

정보 보안 전문가들은 또한 Uncoder AI의 이점을 활용하여, 최신 CERT-UA 경고에서 제안된 침해 징후에 기반한 즉각적인 IOC 쿼리 생성을 통해 위협 연구를 가속할 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

SOC 팀원들은 “CERT-UA#7435” 경고에서 다루는 공격 세부 사항을 탐색할 수 있습니다. CERT-UA#7435 경고에서 위에서 언급한 시그마 규칙에 연결된 모든 관련 적 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술 목록을 찾기 위해 아래 테이블로 들어가십시오.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Suspicious Extracted Files from an Archive (via file_event)
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
Defense Evasion	System Script Proxy Execution (T1216)	LOLBAS WScript / CScript (via process_creation)
	System Binary Proxy Execution (T1218)	Suspicious LOLBAS MSHTA Defense Evasion Behavior by Detection of Associated Commands (via process_creation)
	System Binary Proxy Execution: Mshta (T1218.005)	Suspicious Mshta Execution Without HTA File (via cmdline)
	System Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32 (T1218.011)	Rundll32 Dll Suspicious Path Execution (via process_creation)
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Environment Variables in Command Line Arguments (via cmdline)
	Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript (T1059.007)	LOLBAS WScript / CScript (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic (T1059.005)	LOLBAS WScript / CScript (via process_creation)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

CVE-2023-38831 탐지: UAC-0057 그룹이 Rabbit Algorithm을 통해 WinRAR 제로데이를 악용하여 PicassoLoader 변종 및 CobaltStrike Beacon을 유포

CVE-2023-38831 분석: 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 UAC-0057 공격, WinRAR 제로데이 악용

우크라이나 단체를 대상으로 한 UAC-0057 공격과 관련된 CVE-2023-38831 익스플로잇 시도 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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사이버 방어를 강화하세요 위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

CVE-2023-38831 탐지: UAC-0057 그룹이 Rabbit Algorithm을 통해 WinRAR 제로데이를 악용하여 PicassoLoader 변종 및 CobaltStrike Beacon을 유포

CVE-2023-38831 분석: 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 UAC-0057 공격, WinRAR 제로데이 악용

우크라이나 단체를 대상으로 한 UAC-0057 공격과 관련된 CVE-2023-38831 익스플로잇 시도 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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