APT28 피싱 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 에너지 부문을 대상으로 Microsoft Edge 다운로드 관리 프로그램, TOR 소프트웨어 및 Mockbin 서비스를 원격 관리에 사용

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Veronika Telychko

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9월 05, 2023 · 4 분 읽기

APT28 피싱 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 에너지 부문을 대상으로 Microsoft Edge 다운로드 관리 프로그램, TOR 소프트웨어 및 Mockbin 서비스를 원격 관리에 사용

2023년 가을 초, 러시아 지원을 받는 APT28 해킹 그룹 이 우크라이나의 전력 산업 부문의 중요 인프라를 목표로 사이버 위협 무대에 다시 등장했습니다.

CERT-UA는 최근 보안 공지를 발표했습니다. 가짜 발신자 이메일 주소에서 피싱 공격을 다루며, 이 이메일에는 악성 아카이브 링크가 포함되어 있습니다. 이 링크를 따르면 유도 이미지와 CMD 파일이 포함된 무기화된 ZIP 아카이브를 다운로드하게 되며, 이는 감염된 시스템에서 감염을 더 확산시킵니다.

APT28 공격 설명: Microsoft Edge, TOR, Mockbin 서비스를 사용하는 새로운 캠페인

2023년 9월 4일, 최신 CERT-UA 안내에 따르면 CERT-UA#7469에 따르면 APT28로 추적되는 악명 높은 러시아 지원 그룹 (UAC-0028 또는 UAC-0001)은 우크라이나의 에너지 분야 조직을 겨냥하여 다시 등장했습니다. 이 캠페인에서 적들은 우크라이나의 주요 조직 인프라를 마비시키려는 공격 작전에서 일반적으로 사용하는 피싱 공격 벡터를 적용합니다.

해커들은 사기성 발신자 주소와 함께 유도 이미지와 CMD 파일을 포함하는 ZIP 아카이브 링크를 이메일로 전송했습니다. 후자의 실행을 통해 여러 유도 웹 페이지가 열리고 BAT 및 VBS 파일을 생성하며 무기화된 배치 파일을 실행하는 특정 VBS 파일이 실행됩니다. 이러한 작업 수행은 Microsoft Edge를 통해 URL 주소를 트리거하여 나중에 대상 시스템의 다른 카탈로그로 이동할 CSS 파일을 생성하고 파일 확장자를 CMD로 변경하여 추가로 실행 및 제거됩니다.

CERT-UA 연구에 따르면 해커들은 ‘whoami’ 명령을 실행하고 헤드리스 모드를 사용하여 HTTP GET 요청을 통해 결과를 전송하도록 의도된 CMD 파일을 다운로드하는 데 성공했습니다.

추가 조사 결과, 적들은 file.io 프로젝트를 사용하여 취약한 인스턴스에 TOR 소프트웨어를 다운로드하고 숨겨진 서비스를 생성하여 정보 흐름을 TOR를 통해 관련 호스트, 도메인 컨트롤러 및 이메일 서비스로 리디렉션했음을 발견했습니다. 목표 사용자 계정의 해시 비밀번호를 얻기 위해, 적들은 PowerShell 스크립트를 소켓 오프너로 사용하고 Net Use 명령을 통해 SMB 연결을 시작했습니다.

또한 해커들은 curl 명령줄 유틸리티를 합법적인 Webhook.site 서비스의 API를 통해 원격 코드 실행에 적용합니다. 지속성을 유지하기 위해 APT28 그룹은 인수로 사용되는 배치 파일을 사용하여 VBS 스크립트를 실행하기 위한 예약 작업을 만듭니다.

이번 우크라이나에 대한 최신 공격에서, 러시아와 연계된 APT28 그룹은 LOLBins(을)를 활용했으며, 이는 그들의 공격 도구 모음에서 탐지를 피하기 위해 흔히 사용됩니다.

Mockbin 서비스에 대한 제한된 액세스를 활용하고 Windows Script Host 실행을 차단하여 위협을 완화했습니다. 방어자들은 또한 관련 위협 탐지 및 공격 방지를 위한 실용적인 소스로서 curl 및 msedge를 “–headless=new” 매개변수를 사용하여 실행하는 것을 권장합니다.

CERT-UA#7469 경고에 포함된 우크라이나에 대한 APT28 캠페인 탐지

러시아와 연계된 국가 지원 공격 세력, 특히 악명 높은 APT28 그룹의 사이버 공격 빈도가 증가함에 따라, 방어자들은 우크라이나와 그 동맹국들의 중요 인프라를 방어하기 위해 사이버 회복력을 강화하려고 노력하고 있습니다. SOC Prime 플랫폼은 조직들이 APT28 해커들이 발생한 피싱 공격에 대해 선제적으로 방어할 수 있도록 하기 위해 관련 Sigma 규칙 세트를 관리하여 전력 산업 부문을 목표로 하는 최신 악성 활동을 포함합니다.

탐지 알고리즘은 그룹 ID와 해당 CERT-UA 안내에 기반하여 필터링되므로, 방어자들은 “CERT-UA#7469” 또는 “APT28” 태그를 통해 Threat Detection Marketplace 콘텐츠 라이브러리에서 관련 규칙을 검색할 수 있습니다. 관련 탐지 스택의 모든 Sigma 규칙은 MITRE ATT&CK® 에 정렬되어 있으며, 다양한 온프레미스 또는 클라우드 네이티브 보안 분석 플랫폼으로 자동 변환될 수 있습니다.

최신 CERT-UA#7469 경고에 포함된 공격 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙 목록에 액세스하려면 아래 링크를 따르세요:

CERT-UA#7469 경고에 포함된 APT28 공격 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙

해당 사용자 정의 태그로 필터링된 APT28 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙 전체 모음을 자세히 보려면 아래 탐지 탐색 버튼을 클릭하세요. 그룹의 공격에 대한 심층적인 사이버 위협 컨텍스트를 포함하여 ATT&CK 및 CTI 링크, 완화 방안, 위협 연구를 보다 원활하게 할 수 있는 기타 연결된 메타데이터를 탐색하십시오.

탐지 탐색

팀은 또한 APT28 관련 IOC 를(을) 생성하여 원하는 헌팅 환경에서 실행할 수 있도록 IOC 쿼리를 원활하게 생성하여 검색할 수 있습니다 Uncoder AI.

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

사이버 보안 애호가들은 CERT-UA#7469 경고에 포함된 최신 APT28 캠페인에 대해 더 깊이 조사할 수도 있습니다. 아래 표를 탐색하여 위에서 언급한 Sigma 규칙에 연결된 모든 관련 적대자 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술 목록을 확인하여 자세한 분석을 수행하십시오:

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Suspicious Extracted Files from an Archive (via file_event)
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
Execution	Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Environment Variables in Command Line Arguments (via cmdline)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	LOLBAS WScript / CScript (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell (T1059.001)	Suspicious Powershell Strings (via powershell)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript (T1059.007)	LOLBAS WScript / CScript (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic (T1059.005)	LOLBAS WScript / CScript (via process_creation)
	Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task (T1053.005)	Suspicious Scheduled Task (via audit)
Defense Evasion	Masquerading (T1036)	Suspicious Hands-on or Scripting Operation was Performed in Unusual Folders (via cmdline)
	Indicator Removal (T1070)	Potential Malware Self-Removal or Stderr Concealment Operation (via cmdline)
	Indicator Removal: File Deletion (T1070.004)	Suspicious Hands-on or Scripting Operation was Performed in Unusual Folders (via cmdline)
Command and Control	Web Service (T1102)	Possible Malware Distribution via WebsiteHook Endpoints (via proxy)
		Possible Malware Distribution via WebsiteHook Endpoints (via dns)
		Possible Malware Distribution via Mocky Endpoints (via dns)
		Possible Malware Distribution via Mocky Endpoints (via proxy)
	Proxy: Domain Fronting (T1090.004)	Possible Malware Distribution via WebsiteHook Endpoints (via proxy)
		Possible Malware Distribution via WebsiteHook Endpoints (via dns)
		Possible Malware Distribution via Mocky Endpoints (via dns)
		Possible Malware Distribution via Mocky Endpoints (via proxy)
	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	Possible Data Infiltration / Exfiltration via Third Party Services/Tools (via proxy)
		Possible Data Infiltration / Exfiltration over Non-Corp Service (via dns)
		Suspicious File Download through Msedge/Chrome (via cmdline)
		Suspicious CURL Usage (via cmdline)
	Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols (T1071.001)	Suspicious CURL Usage (via cmdline)
Exfiltration	Transfer Data to Cloud Account (T1537)	Possible Data Infiltration / Exfiltration via Third Party Services/Tools (via proxy)
	Exfiltration Over Web Service: Exfiltration to Cloud Storage (T1567.002)	Possible Data Infiltration / Exfiltration via Third Party Services/Tools (via proxy)
		Possible Data Infiltration / Exfiltration over Non-Corp Service (via dns)
	Exfiltration Over C2 Channel (T1041)	Suspicious CURL Usage (via cmdline)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

APT28 피싱 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 에너지 부문을 대상으로 Microsoft Edge 다운로드 관리 프로그램, TOR 소프트웨어 및 Mockbin 서비스를 원격 관리에 사용

APT28 공격 설명: Microsoft Edge, TOR, Mockbin 서비스를 사용하는 새로운 캠페인

CERT-UA#7469 경고에 포함된 우크라이나에 대한 APT28 캠페인 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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APT28 피싱 공격 탐지: 해커들이 우크라이나 에너지 부문을 대상으로 Microsoft Edge 다운로드 관리 프로그램, TOR 소프트웨어 및 Mockbin 서비스를 원격 관리에 사용

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