FormBook/XLoader マルウェアがウクライナ政府機関を標的に：CERT-UA警告

作成者

Andrii Bezverkhyi

CEO & 共同創設者

[post-views]

3月 22, 2022 · 8 分で読めます

FormBook/XLoader マルウェアがウクライナ政府機関を標的に：CERT-UA警告

この記事では、CERT-UAによって実施されたオリジナルのリサーチを強調しています： https://cert.gov.ua/article/37688

2022年3月9日、ウクライナのコンピュータ緊急対応チーム（CERT-UA）は、ウクライナ政府機関がFormBook/XLoaderマルウェアを使用したサイバー攻撃を受けたと報告しました。ユーザーが悪意のあるメールの添付ファイルを開封した場合、マルウェアが配布されました。

FormBookおよびその後継であるXLoaderは、情報を盗むためのMalware-as-a-Service（MaaS）として配布されています。これらはユーザー入力を取得し、スクリーンショットを撮影し、感染したマシンのファイルを検索し操作するために使用されます。

FormBook/XLoaderによるウクライナ政府への標的：CERT-UAのリサーチ

「キャッシュ供給承認に関する手紙」という件名のメールがウクライナ政府機関に大量に送信されました。メールの内容は戦争および財政援助の提供に関連しており（おそらく、テキストは自動的にウクライナ語に翻訳されたようです）。

メールには「 лист підтримки.xlsx」という名前のXLS添付ファイルがあります。開くと、FormBook/XLoader v2.5マルウェアをダウンロードし実行するマクロが起動します。しかし、その文書の囮内容はウクライナ市民には適していないようです。

マルウェアは、影響を受けたマシン上のソフトウェアに保存された資格情報を盗み、攻撃者のコマンド＆コントロール（C＆C）サーバーに送信します。

このような攻撃は体系的な性質を持ち、UAC-0041識別子で追跡される活動クラスターに関連付けられています。

CERT-UAがメール添付ファイルを通じて配信されたFormBook/XLoaderによるサイバー攻撃を示すために提供したグラフィックス

世界的な妥協指標（IOC）

ファイル

93feeeab72617e4f5630fd79f2fdd4b6    лист підтримки.xlsx
95d60664267d442e99c41e2aa3baff68    vbc.exe
5a2c58b9ad136ecaea903e47ca7d0727    formbook.exe (Formbook)

ネットワーク指標

mariya@posish[.]club
104[.]168.247.233
hxxp://103[.]167.92.57/xx_cloudprotect/vbc.exe
103[.]167.92.57
gobits3[.]com

偽のドメイン名リスト：humamzarodi[.]info
cillacollection[.]com
phy[.]wiki
londonkhaboos[.]com
robostetics[.]com
bryanheritagefarm[.]com
writingdadsobituary[.]com
uitzendstudent[.]online
kaeltefath[.]com
ooop63[.]website
oncasi-tengoku[.]com
weihiw[.]store
gameshill[.]net
clublebron[.]com
fromuktosa[.]com
hilversumrp[.]com
formigocerdanya[.]com
jokeaou[.]com
bvgsf[.]xyz
reallyreadyservices[.]com
zrbusiness[.]com
homephotomarketing[.]com
evpunk[.]com
hermanmitchels[.]com
globalprotectionllc[.]com
carlab[.]rentals
aocpaysage[.]com
g3kbwq[.]xyz
ojosnegroshacienda[.]com
greenvilletaxfirm[.]com
circuitoristorazione[.]com
chicklet[.]biz
allegiancebookkeeper[.]com
xyyvivo[.]com
cassandracheatham[.]com
gobits3[.]com
upcxi[.]xyz
adjd[.]info
hdwix[.]online
sbxtv[.]info
abodhakujena[.]com
yhomggsmtdynchb[.]store
jeffreylau[.]xyz
lovelypersonal[.]com
lwmdqj[.]com
tapelm[.]com
ulasan-online[.]com
roleplayhr[.]com
avilarts[.]com
marygracerenella[.]com
yellowumbrellamarketing[.]com
ilyapershin[.]com
bellkennedy[.]online
muhammadsaqib[.]tech
certuslogistics[.]com
unforgettableamour[.]com
jtelp[.]com
movinonuprva[.]com
xn--ltda-epa[.]com
knolmail[.]xyz
houstonorganicpestcontrol[.]com
befancie[.]com
typejitem[.]store
zqt2578[.]com
astrologyplatform[.]com

ホスト指標

%PUBLIC%vbc.exe

IOCに基づくハンティングクエリでFormBook/XLoaderを検出

上記のIOCを20以上の最も人気のあるSIEMまたはXDR環境で実行可能な独自のハンティングクエリに自動的に変換するために、SOC PrimeプラットフォームはUncoder CTIツールを無料で提供しています — now すべての登録ユーザーが2022年5月25日まで利用可能です。

FormBook/XLoaderを検出するためのSigma行動ベースのルール

FormBook/XLoaderの行動パターンとこのマルウェアに関連する活動を検出するには、SOC Primeプラットフォームで公開されている専用のSigma行動ベースのコンテンツを使用することができます：

FormBookマルウェア動作（ColorCPL-LSASSがCMDを起動）

colorcpl.exeの不審な実行（コマンドライン経由）

MITRE ATT&CK® コンテキスト

FormBook/XLoaderを用いた攻撃のコンテキストをセキュリティ専門家がよりよく理解するのを助けるために、これを検出するSigmaベースのすべてのルールは、次の戦術と技術を対象としたMITRE ATT&CKフレームワークに準拠しています：

Tactics	Techniques	Sub-techniques	Sigma Rules
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)		Formbook Malware Behaviour (ColorCPL-LSASS Spawns CMD)
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Visual Basic (T1059.005), JavaScript (T1059.007)	Suspicious execution of colorcpl.exe (via cmdline)

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すべてのニュース

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

FormBook/XLoader マルウェアがウクライナ政府機関を標的に：CERT-UA警告

FormBook/XLoaderによるウクライナ政府への標的：CERT-UAのリサーチ

世界的な妥協指標（IOC）

ファイル

ネットワーク指標

ホスト指標

IOCに基づくハンティングクエリでFormBook/XLoaderを検出

FormBook/XLoaderを検出するためのSigma行動ベースのルール

MITRE ATT&CK® コンテキスト

目次

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関連記事

サイバー防御を強化する脅威検出マーケットプレイス

FormBook/XLoader マルウェアがウクライナ政府機関を標的に：CERT-UA警告

FormBook/XLoaderによるウクライナ政府への標的：CERT-UAのリサーチ

世界的な妥協指標（IOC）

ファイル

ネットワーク指標

ホスト指標

IOCに基づくハンティングクエリでFormBook/XLoaderを検出

FormBook/XLoaderを検出するためのSigma行動ベースのルール

MITRE ATT&CK® コンテキスト

#ez_toc_widget_sticky-2 .ez-toc-widget-sticky-container ul.ez-toc-widget-sticky-list li.active{ background-color: #ededed; } 目次

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サイバー防御を強化する 脅威検出マーケットプレイス

目次

サイバー防御を強化する脅威検出マーケットプレイス