사이버 무기로서의 WinRAR: UAC-0165, RoarBat으로 우크라이나 공공 부문 공격

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Daryna Olyniychuk

마케팅 팀 리드

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5월 03, 2023 · 3 분 읽기

사이버 무기로서의 WinRAR: UAC-0165, RoarBat으로 우크라이나 공공 부문 공격

전 세계 사이버 전쟁 발발 이후, 우크라이나와 그녀의 동맹 국가들은 여러 해킹 집단이 시작한 다양한 악의적인 캠페인의 표적이 되었습니다. 전문가들은 2022년에 우크라이나에 대한 사이버 공격이 250% 증가했으며, 그 중 2,000건 이상이 러시아 관련 위협 행위자에 의해 시작되었습니다 본격적인 침공이 시작된 이후로.

2023년 4월 29일, CERT-UA는 새로운 경고를 발령했습니다 대규모 사이버 공격을 다루며, 이는 WinRAR을 악용하고 RoarBat 악성 스크립트를 사용하여 우크라이나 정부 기관의 IT 인프라를 파괴하려는 것이었습니다. CERT-UA는 러시아가 지원하는 Sandworm APT가 이 침입에 책임이 있을 가능성이 있다고 추정합니다. 이는 국가 정보 기관 ‘Ukrinform’의 정보 및 통신 시스템에 대한 공격과의 중대한 중첩이 있기 때문입니다. 2023년 1월에 발생했습니다.

UAC-0165 그룹 (Sandworm APT)에 의한 최신 파괴적 사이버 공격 분석

최신 CERTUA#6550 경고는 사이버 수비수에게 우크라이나 공공 부문 IT 인프라를 마비시키려는 대규모 사이버 공격을 경고합니다. 구체적으로 서버 장비 및 데이터 저장 시스템의 운영이 최근의 악의적인 운영의 결과로 중단되었습니다. 이 공격은 Sandworm APT 그룹에 기인합니다..

특히, Windows 시스템은 RoarBat .BAT 스크립트로 표적이 되었으며, 이는 디스크 또는 특정 디렉토리에서 파일을 재귀적으로 검색하여 정품 WinRAR 프로그램을 사용해 ‘-df’ 기능을 사용하여 이를 아카이브했습니다. 결국 소스 파일과 생성된 아카이브 모두 삭제되었습니다. 동시에, Linux 시스템은 표준 “dd” 유틸리티를 활용하여 파일을 0 바이트로 덮어쓰는 BASH 스크립트로 공격을 받았습니다.

CERT-UA 전문가들은 이 파괴적 운영이 ‘Ukrinform’의 정보 및 통신 시스템에 대한 공격과 유사한 점이 많다고 추정합니다. 따라서, 최신의 우크라이나 공공 부문 공격은 중간 수준의 신뢰도로 러시아가 지원하는 Sandworm APT에 기인됩니다. 그러나 집중 공격 추적을 위해 CERT-UA는 UAC-0165 식별자를 사용합니다.

특히, 원격 VPN 연결 시 다중 인증이 부족하고 네트워크 세분화가 불충분하여 적들이 성공적으로 공격을 진행할 수 있었습니다. 사용자는 CERT-UA 권장 사항에 따라.

CERT-UA#6550 알림에 포함된 UAC-0165 악의 활동 탐지

조직이 UAC-0165와 관련된 악의 활동을 신속히 식별할 수 있도록 SOC Prime 플랫폼은 관련된 시그마 규칙 세트를 선별합니다. 모든 탐지 알고리즘은 “CERT-UA#6550” 및 “UAC-0165”이라는 맞춤 태그로 필터링되어 SOC 콘텐츠 선택을 간소화합니다.

클릭하여 탐지 탐색 버튼을 누르면 최신 UAC-0165 공격을 탐지하는 시그마 규칙의 전체 컬렉션에 접근할 수 있습니다. 모든 규칙은 MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크 v12와 정렬되어 있으며, 심층적인 사이버 위협 콘텐츠로 보강되고, 특정 보안 요구에 맞도록 28개 이상의 SIEM, EDR, XDR 솔루션과 호환됩니다.

탐지 탐색

사이버 수비수는 우크라이나 정부 기관에 대한 최신 Sandworm 작전에 연관된 침입 지표 (IoCs)를 탐색하여 위협 탐지 활동을 자동화할 수도 있습니다. Uncoder.IO를 통해 그냥 파일, 호스트, 또는 네트워크의 CERT-UA 제공 IOCs 를 도구에 붙여넣고 대상 쿼리의 콘텐츠 유형을 선택하면, 선택한 환경에서 실행 준비가 된 성능 최적화 IOC 쿼리를 즉시 생성할 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

최신 CERT-UA 경고에 포함된 UAC-0165의 파괴적 사이버 공격의 심층적 컨텍스트를 탐구하기 위해, 위에 언급된 모든 시그마 규칙은 관련 전술 및 기술을 다루는 ATT&CK v12로 태그되어 있습니다:

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Defense Evasion	Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion (T1497)	Possible Timeout Usage for Delay Execution (via cmdline)
	File and Directory Permissions Modification (T1222)	Suspicious Icacls Deny Operation (via cmdline)
	System Script Proxy Execution (T1216)	Suspicious Takeown Execution (via cmdline)
	Indicator Removal (T1070)	Possible SDelete Activity (via cmdline)
	Hide Artifacts (T1564)	Suspicious Executions Users Folder (via process_creation)
		Suspicious Files in Public User Profile (via file_event)
		Suspicious Execution from Public User Profile (via process_creation)
	Subvert Trust Controls (T1553)	Using Certutil for Data Encoding and Cert Operations (via cmdline)
	Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information (T1140)	Using Certutil for Data Encoding and Cert Operations (via cmdline)
	Domain Policy Modification (T1484)	Possible Large-Scale Creation of Scheduled Tasks through GPO (audit)
Execution	Scheduled Task/Job (T1053)	Possible Large-Scale Creation of Scheduled Tasks through GPO (audit)
Impact	Inhibit System Recovery (T1490)	Suspicious Icacls Deny Operation (via cmdline)
	System Shutdown/Reboot (T1529)	Shutdown Used For Forcing a System Halt or Reboot (via cmdline)
	Data Manipulation (T1565)	Possible WinRAR Execution for Data Destruction (via cmdline)
	Data Destruction (T1485)	Possible WinRAR Execution for Data Destruction (via cmdline)
		Possible SDelete Activity (via cmdline)
		Possible Linux DD Usage for File Overwrite (via cmdline)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

사이버 무기로서의 WinRAR: UAC-0165, RoarBat으로 우크라이나 공공 부문 공격

UAC-0165 그룹 (Sandworm APT)에 의한 최신 파괴적 사이버 공격 분석

CERT-UA#6550 알림에 포함된 UAC-0165 악의 활동 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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사이버 방어를 강화하세요위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

사이버 무기로서의 WinRAR: UAC-0165, RoarBat으로 우크라이나 공공 부문 공격

UAC-0165 그룹 (Sandworm APT)에 의한 최신 파괴적 사이버 공격 분석

CERT-UA#6550 알림에 포함된 UAC-0165 악의 활동 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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