선버스트 백도어 탐지: FireEye 및 미국 기관에 대한 Solarwinds 공급망 공격

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Eugene Tkachenko

커뮤니티 프로그램 리드

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12월 14, 2020 · 3 분 읽기

선버스트 백도어 탐지: FireEye 및 미국 기관에 대한 Solarwinds 공급망 공격

정보가 공개된 지 며칠 후 FireEye 데이터 유출 에 대한 조사가 완료되었으며, 회사는 Sunburst 백도어에 대한 조사 결과와 세부 사항을 발표했습니다 ( 기술 보고서 and 대책)를 공개했습니다. 이를 통해 APT 그룹이 여러 조직의 네트워크에 침투했으며, 이제 잠재적으로 침해된 회사들은 이 위협을 빠르게 감지할 수 있게 되었습니다. 감지된 공급망 공격의 규모는 정말로 인상적입니다: 국가 지원 그룹은 SolarWinds Inc.를 침해하고 US 군사 및 정부 기관뿐만 아니라 미국 Fortune 500의 425개 이상의 회사에 사용되는 Orion IT 소프트웨어 업데이트를 트로이화했습니다. 적대자들은 업데이트에 디지털 서명을 했고 이번 봄 동안 SolarWinds 업데이트 웹사이트에 게시했습니다. 결과적으로 전 세계 수많은 기업들이 침해를 입었습니다 (SolarWinds의 제품은 전 세계 30만 이상의 고객이 사용 중입니다).

CISA는 긴급 지시 를 발행하여 SolarWinds Orion 네트워크 관리 제품의 침해를 완화하기 위해 여러 조직의 네트워크에 미치는 잠재적인 위협을 경고했습니다.

Sunburst 백도어 분석 및 탐지 콘텐츠

Sunburst 백도어는 SolarWinds.Orion.Core.BusinessLayer.dll에 숨겨져 있습니다. 시스템에 침투한 후 백도어는 최대 2주 동안 대기한 다음 해로운 활동을 시작합니다. 백도어는 파일을 전송하고 실행하며, 시스템 프로파일링을 수행하고, 시스템 서비스를 비활성화하고, 머신을 재부팅할 수 있습니다. Sunburst 백도어는 Orion 개선 프로그램 프로토콜을 사용하며 수집된 데이터를 정당한 플러그인 구성 파일에 저장하므로 조직의 네트워크에서 악성 활동을 탐지하기 어렵게 만듭니다.

우리 SOC Prime 팀은 Threat Bounty Program 개발자와 협력하여 GitHub에 FireEye가 공개한 Sunburst 대책을 기반으로 한 Sigma 규칙을 발표하여 Sunburst 백도어와 이 공격과 관련된 도구를 감지할 수 있도록 했습니다. 이 기사와 규칙 목록은 업데이트될 예정입니다. 우리의 블로그를 팔로우하고 Threat Detection Marketplace에서 최신의 Sunburst 백도어 및 관련 위협 탐지 규칙을 확인하세요.

현재 이용 가능한 규칙 목록은 다음과 같습니다:

AD – ADFS DKM 마스터 키 내보내기 (sysmon 사용)

AzureAD – 보안 토큰 서비스 (STS) 리프레시 토큰 수정

AD – ADFS DKM 마스터 키 내보내기 (보안 이벤트 사용)

AzureAD – Azure Active Directory 특권 그룹에 사용자 추가됨

Dark Halo[UNC2452] 위협 행위자 활동 감지기

SolarWinds 공급망 공격 감지기

AzureAD – 모든 메일박스를 읽기 위한 권한 및 역할 할당 추가

AzureAD – 수정된 도메인 연합 신뢰 탐지

AzureAD – 다중 테넌트 접근을 허용하도록 수정된 애플리케이션

Solarwinds, Base64 인코딩으로 Powershell 실행 (cmdline 사용)

Solarwinds, 에코와 함께 cmd.exe 실행 (cmdline 사용)

ADFS 어댑터 프로세스 실행됨 (cmdline 사용)

비정상적인 위치에서 시작된 CSRSS.exe (위장 가능성) (cmdline 사용)

이름이 변경된 ADFind (cmdline 사용)

의심스러운 백업 서비스 중단 (cmdline 사용)

AWS VPC 설정 중요도 변경 감지됨

SolarWinds Solarigate 탐지 (name pipe 사용)

Solarwinds 백도어 C2 호스트 이름 감지됨. (SSL 사용)

데이터 유출을 위한 7Zip 아카이브 생성을 통해 가능한 DarkHalo APT 활동을 감지

FireEye 레드팀 도구 해시 감지됨

AndrewSpecial 해킹 도구 감지됨

KeeFarce 해킹 도구 감지됨

가능한 Dark Halo Exchange 정찰 활동 (cmdline 사용)

Solarwinds 백도어 C2 호스트 이름 감지됨. (DNS 사용)

Solarwinds 백도어 C2 호스트 이름 감지됨. (프록시 사용)

가능한 SUNBURST 활동

가능한 SuperNova 웹셸 (웹 사용)

Pertential Solarwinds 미믹킹 (프록시 사용)

비정상적인 SolarWinds 파일 생성 (filewrite 사용)

비정상적인 SolarWinds 자식 프로세스 (cmdline 사용)

가능한 get-passhashes / powerdump 사용 (powershell 사용)

SolarWinds 공급 측 타협 지표 (imageload 사용)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

선버스트 백도어 탐지: FireEye 및 미국 기관에 대한 Solarwinds 공급망 공격

Sunburst 백도어 분석 및 탐지 콘텐츠

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