PicassoLoader 및 Cobalt Strike Beacon 탐지: UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 해킹 그룹이 우크라이나 주요 군사 교육 기관을 공격

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Veronika Telychko

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6월 16, 2023 · 3 분 읽기

PicassoLoader 및 Cobalt Strike Beacon 탐지: UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 해킹 그룹이 우크라이나 주요 군사 교육 기관을 공격

2023년 6월 16일, CERT-UA 연구자들은 우크라이나의 주요 군사 교육 기관인 이반 체르냐코프스키 국립 방위 대학교를 대상으로 한 최근 발견된 악성 활동을 포함한 새로운 경고를 발표하였습니다. 이 진행 중인 캠페인에서, 위협 행위자들은 PicassoLoader와 Cobalt Strike Beacon 을 매크로가 포함된 악성 파일과 대학교 엠블럼이 있는 유혹 이미지로 손상된 시스템에서 전파하고 있습니다. 이 악성 활동은 UAC-0057로 추적되는 해킹 집단에 의해 발생한 것으로 보고됩니다, 또한 GhostWriter로도 알려져 있습니다.

UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 공격 분석

2023년 여름의 시작은 사이버 위협 환경 내에서의 활동을 강화했습니다. 6월 초, CERT-UA는 전 세계 사이버 방어 커뮤니티에 우크라이나 및 중앙 아시아 조직을 겨냥한 UAC-0063 그룹과 관련된 지속적인 사이버 첩보 활동에 대해 경고했습니다. 6월 중순에는 또 하나의 사이버 공격 물결이 CERT-UA#6852 경고에 다루어진 사이버 위협 장면에 혼란을 일으켰습니다. CERT-UA#6852 경고.

사이버 보안 연구자들은 최근 우크라이나 이반 체르냐코프스키 국립 방위 대학교의 엠블럼 이미지가 포함된 매크로가 있는 악성 PPT 파일이 해당 교육 기관의 대표들을 문서 열기로 유인하고 있다는 것을 발견했습니다. 감염 체인은 문서를 열고 악성 매크로를 활성화함으로써 시작됩니다. 이는 DLL 파일을 생성하고 전자를 실행할 바로 가기 파일을 생성합니다. 악성 DLL 파일은 PicassoLoader 악성코드로 식별되며, 이는 GhostWriter로도 알려진 UAC-0057 해킹 그룹에 의해 일반적으로 사용됩니다. PicassoLoader는 .NET 악성코드 드롭퍼를 다운로드 및 실행하며, 이는 차례로 또 다른 DLL 파일을 해독하고 실행합니다. 후자는 손상된 시스템에서 악명 높은 Cobalt Strike Beacon 악성코드를 해독하고 실행하는 데 사용됩니다. 위협 행위자들은 예약된 작업을 통해 또는 자동 실행 폴더에 LNK 파일을 생성함으로써 앞서 언급한 DLL 파일의 지속성을 유지합니다.

CERT-UA 연구에 따르면, 원격 액세스 서버는 러시아에 위치하고 있으나, 도메인 이름은 Cloudflare 기능을 통해 숨겨져 있습니다.

CERT-UA#6852 경고에서 다루어진 UAC-0057 그룹의 악성 활동 탐지

우크라이나와 그 동맹국에 대한 끊임없는 사이버 공격의 물결 앞에서 사이버 보안 수비수들은 관련 위험을 신속히 완화하고 인식을 높이기 위해 공동의 노력을 기울이고 있습니다. UAC-0057 해킹 그룹의 악성 활동에 대한 새로운 CERT-UA#6852 경고에 대한 대응으로 SOC Prime Platform은 아래 링크에서 이용할 수 있는 맞춤형 Sigma 규칙을 발표했습니다:

CERT-UA#6852 경고에서 다루어진 UAC-0057에 의한 적대적 활동을 탐지하기 위한 Sigma 규칙

탐지 알고리즘은 MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크 v12와 일치하며, 정보와 관련 메타데이터로 풍부해져 있으며, 수십 개의 SIEM, EDR, XDR 기술에 적용 가능합니다. 위에서 언급한 Sigma 규칙을 검색하기 위해 보안 엔지니어는 그룹 ID(UAC-0057) 또는 해당 CERT-UA 경고(CERT-UA#6852)에 기반한 맞춤형 필터 태그를 적용할 수 있습니다.

GhostWriter 활동 탐지를 위한 Sigma 규칙 전체 모음을 보려면 아래의 탐지 탐색 버튼을 클릭하세요. 항상 정보를 유지하기 위해 ATT&CK 링크, CTI, 더 많은 사이버 위협 컨텍스트를 확인하십시오.

탐지 탐색

사이버 보안 전문가들은 UAC-0057 적대적 활동과 관련된 지표를 원활하게 찾을 수 있으며, 최신 CERT-UA 연구에 제공됩니다. 다음을 신뢰하세요 Uncoder AI 는 선택한 SIEM 또는 EDR 환경에서 실행할 수 있는 맞춤형 IOC 쿼리를 즉시 생성하여 인프라에서 PicassoLoader 및 Cobalt Strike Beacon 감염을 적시에 식별할 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

CERT-UA#6852 경고에서 보고된 최신 UAC-0057 악성 캠페인의 컨텍스트를 탐색하기 위해, 모든 지정된 Sigma 규칙은 해당하는 전술과 기술을 다루는 ATT&CK로 자동 태그가 부여됩니다:

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing (T1566)	MSOffice Drops Files to Suspicious Location (via file_event)
Initial Access	Phishing (T1566)	MSOffice Drops Suspicious Files (via file_event)
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Environment Variables in Command Line Arguments (via cmdline)
Persistence	Boot or Logon Autostart Execution (T1547)	Suspicious Sctipts in Autostart Location (via file_event)
Defense Evasion	System Binary Proxy Execution (T1218)	Rare DLL Exports Invocation by Rundll32 (via cmdline)
		Execution of a Payload with a Spoofed Extension using Rundll32 or Regsvr32 (via cmdline)
		LOLBAS rundll32 (via cmdline)
		LOLBAS regsvr32 (via cmdline)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

PicassoLoader 및 Cobalt Strike Beacon 탐지: UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 해킹 그룹이 우크라이나 주요 군사 교육 기관을 공격

UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 공격 분석

CERT-UA#6852 경고에서 다루어진 UAC-0057 그룹의 악성 활동 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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사이버 방어를 강화하세요 위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

PicassoLoader 및 Cobalt Strike Beacon 탐지: UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 해킹 그룹이 우크라이나 주요 군사 교육 기관을 공격

UAC-0057, 일명 GhostWriter 공격 분석

CERT-UA#6852 경고에서 다루어진 UAC-0057 그룹의 악성 활동 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK 컨텍스트

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