ProxyNotShell: CVE-2022-41040 및 CVE-2022-41082 탐지, 활발히 악용되는 새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이 취약점

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Veronika Telychko

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9월 30, 2022 · 3 분 읽기

ProxyNotShell: CVE-2022-41040 및 CVE-2022-41082 탐지, 활발히 악용되는 새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이 취약점

경계를 늦추지 마세요! 사이버 보안 연구자들이 최근에 마이크로소프트 익스체인지의 새로운 제로데이 취약점, 이른바 ProxyNotShell 라고 하는 CVE-2022-41040 및 CVE-2022-41082로 추적되는 취약점을 공개했습니다. 이 새로 발견된 Microsoft Exchange Server의 버그는 익스플로잇 체인에서 결합되어 대상 서버에 중국의 Chopper 웹 쉘을 확산시킬 수 있습니다. 연구자들에 따르면, 이러한 제로데이 공격은 중국 해커들에게 속한다고 합니다.

ProxyNotShell 취약점 악용 시도를 탐지하기: Microsoft Exchange Server의 중요 제로데이

실제 공격에서 제로데이 취약점을 악용하는 적대적 캠페인은 사이버 방어자에게 즉각적인 대응력을 요구합니다. 이러한 규모의 공격에 대비해 조직이 예방적으로 방어할 수 있도록, SOC Prime의 Detection as Code 플랫폼은 ProxyNotShell 취약점으로 알려진 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이 익스플로잇 감지를 위한 큐레이션된 Sigma 규칙 세트를 최근에 출시했습니다. 모든 감지 알고리즘은 악명 높은 ProxyShell 결함.

Sigma 규칙 는 조직별 환경 요구에 맞춰 최고의 SIEM, EDR, XDR 솔루션에서 사용할 수 있습니다.

클릭하세요 탐색 감지 버튼을 누르면 MITRE ATT&CK 참조, CTI 링크 및 기타 관련 사이버 위협 컨텍스트가 풍부한 Sigma 규칙 목록에 즉시 접근할 수 있습니다.

탐색 감지

새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이, 이른바 ProxyNotShell: 공격 분석 및 완화

제로데이 취약점 은 Exchange Server에서 이 인기 있는 마이크로소프트 애플리케이션을 활용하는 글로벌 조직에게 심각한 위협을 가하며 사이버 위협 분야에서 큰 파장을 일으키는 경향이 있습니다. 베트남의 사이버 보안 기업 GTSC 의 연구자들은 최근 Microsoft Exchange Server 2013, 2016 및 2019에 영향을 미치는 새로운 제로데이 취약점을 발견했습니다. GTSC 연구자들에 따르면, 발굴된 제로데이는 중국의 Chopper 웹 쉘을 다운로드할 수 있도록 연결하여, 공격자가 민감한 데이터를 훔치고 손상된 환경 전체에 횡단 이동을 수행할 수 있게 합니다. 이 악의적인 활동은 웹 쉘을 포함한 코드 페이지와 중국의 오픈 소스 웹사이트 관리 유틸리티인 AntSword를 사용하는 것으로 미루어 보아 중국의 해킹 집단과 관련이 있습니다. GTSC의 사이버 보안 연구진들은 최신 익스플로잇 체인이 Microsoft Exchange 애플리케이션을 대상으로 하여 ProxyShell 결함.

과 유사한 공격에서 사용되는 것과 유사점을 보인다고 언급했습니다. 즉각적인 조치를 위해, GTSC는 이러한 제로데이 결함 중 하나를 활용하여 원격 코드 실행(RCE)을 수행하는 공격자들의 진행 중인 공격 캠페인에 대한 경고를 발표했습니다. 사이버 보안 연구진들은 발견된 보안 취약점에 대한 중요한 정보를 제로 데이 이니셔티브로 마이크로소프트에 비공개적으로 제출했습니다. 이 결함은 ZDI-CAN-18333과 ZDI-CAN-18802로 식별되었습니다.

2022년 9월 29일, 마이크로소프트 보안 대응 센터는 보고된 마이크로소프트 익스체인지 제로데이 취약점에 대한 고객 지침 을 발행하며 위협을 해결하기 위한 완화 조치 목록을 제공했습니다. 첫 번째 결함은 CVE-2022-41040로 추적되는 서버 측 요청 위조(SSRF) 취약점이며, 두 번째 결함인 CVE-2022-41082는 위협 행위자가 PowerShell을 사용하여 RCE를 수행할 수 있도록 합니다. 마이크로소프트 익스체인지 서버에 인증된 액세스를 얻고 CVE-2022-41040을 활용한 후, 위협 행위자는 익스플로잇 체인으로 이어지는 두 번째 취약점을 트리거할 수도 있습니다.

고객 지침에 따르면, 마이크로소프트 익스체인지를 사용하는 온라인 고객은 공개된 제로데이 버그가 온프레미스 애플리케이션에만 영향을 미치기 때문에 즉각적인 조치를 취할 필요가 없습니다. 완화 조치로서, 온프레미스 애플리케이션 사용자는 제공된 URL 재작성 지침 을 따르고 손상된 원격 PowerShell 포트를 차단할 것을 권장합니다. 여기에는 HTTP: 5985와 HTTPS: 5986이 포함됩니다.

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

현재 진행 중인 공격에 사용된 마이크로소프트 익스체인지 제로데이의 컨텍스트를 깊이 탐구하기 위해, 상술한 Sigma 규칙은 MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크 에 매핑되어 관련 전술 및 기술을 다룹니다:

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190)	Exchange ProxyShell Pattern
		Possible IIS Web Shell or WebApp Exploitation [ProxyNotShell] (via cmdline)
		Possible Exchange CVE-2021-26858 [ProxyNotShell] (via audit)
		Possible Exchange Server RCE (Proxyshell/ProxyNotShell)
		Possible Exchange CVE-2021-26858 [ProxyNotShell] (via file_event)
		UMWorkerProcess Creating Unusual Child Process CVE-2021-26857 [ProxyNotShell] (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information (T1140)	Using Certutil for Data Encoding [ProxyNotShell] (via cmdline)
	Hide Artifacts (T1564)	Suspicious Execution from Public User Profile [ProxyNotShell] (via process_creation)
		Suspicious Files in Public User Profile [ProxyNotShell] (via file_event)
		Suspicious Execution from PerfLogs Directory [ProxyNotShell] (via process_creation)
Execution	User Execution (T1204)	Suspicious ProxyShell-like Campaign Execution by Detection of Associated Files [ProxyNotShell] (via file_event)
Persistence	Server Software Component (T1505)	Possible Webshell Creation In Microsoft Exchange Directories [ProxyNotShell] (via file_event)

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무료 가입하기 미팅 예약하기

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

ProxyNotShell: CVE-2022-41040 및 CVE-2022-41082 탐지, 활발히 악용되는 새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이 취약점

ProxyNotShell 취약점 악용 시도를 탐지하기: Microsoft Exchange Server의 중요 제로데이

새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이, 이른바 ProxyNotShell: 공격 분석 및 완화

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

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관련 게시물

사이버 방어를 강화하세요위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

ProxyNotShell: CVE-2022-41040 및 CVE-2022-41082 탐지, 활발히 악용되는 새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이 취약점

ProxyNotShell 취약점 악용 시도를 탐지하기: Microsoft Exchange Server의 중요 제로데이

새로운 Microsoft Exchange 제로데이, 이른바 ProxyNotShell: 공격 분석 및 완화

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

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사이버 방어를 강화하세요위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

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