CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 취약점 탐지: 우크라이나 국가 기관에 대한 사이버 공격에서 전달된 Cobalt Strike Beacon

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Daryna Olyniychuk

마케팅 팀 리드

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6월 02, 2022 · 2 분 읽기

CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 취약점 탐지: 우크라이나 국가 기관에 대한 사이버 공격에서 전달된 Cobalt Strike Beacon

악명 높은 CVE-2022-30190, 일명 Follina가 공개된 지 불과 이틀 만에, 보안 연구자들은 우크라이나의 국가 기관을 표적으로 하는 악용 공격이 진행되고 있다고 보고했습니다. 2022년 6월 2일에 CERT-UA 는 현재 진행 중인 캠페인에 대한 경고를 발행했습니다. 이 캠페인은 Cobalt Strike Beacon 멀웨어 를 확산시키기 위해 최근에 전 세계 사이버 보안 커뮤니티의 주목을 받은 Windows CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 제로데이 취약점을 악용하고 있습니다.

CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 악용을 통한 Cobalt Strike Beacon 제공: 피싱 공격 분석

Cobalt Strike Beacon 멀웨어가 다시 한 번 우크라이나를 표적으로 등장했습니다. 이번에는 국가 행위자들이 새로운 Follina 제로데이(CVE-2022-30190) 와 악명 높은 Microsoft MSHTML 취약점(CVE-2021-40444) 을 이용하여 우크라이나 정부를 공격하고 관심 시스템에 Cobalt Strike Beacon 로더를 설치합니다.

우크라이나 컴퓨터 대응팀(CERT-UA)에 포착된 최신 사이버 공격은 DOCX 파일이 첨부된 피싱 이메일로 시작됩니다. 이 문서는 의심하지 않는 피해자를 JavaScript 코드가 포함된 HTML 파일로 리디렉션하는 악성 URL을 포함하고 있습니다. 실행될 경우, CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 취약점이 악용되어 PowerShell 명령어를 실행하고, EXE 파일을 다운로드하며, 그것으로 인해 Cobalt Strike Beacon 멀웨어로 감염됩니다.

Cobalt Strike Beacon 멀웨어는 자주 국가 후원 행위자들이 우크라이나 정부를 대상으로 한 캠페인에서 사용됩니다. CERT-UA 전문가들은 2022년 3월부터 6월까지 이러한 유형의 멀웨어를 전달하는 여러 침입 사건을 강조했습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

우크라이나 정부 관계자에게 전파되는 Cobalt Strike Beacon에 대한 가장 최근의 피싱 사이버 공격의 컨텍스트를 이해하기 위해, 앞서 언급된 Sigma 규칙은 ATT&CK 프레임워크와 일관되어 관련 전술 및 기술을 설명합니다.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing (T1566)	IOCs of Zero Day Attack Detected by EXPMON [CVE-2021-40444 Exploitation] (via proxy)
		Possible CVE-2021-40444 Exploitation (Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability) (via image_load)
		IOCs of Zero Day Attack Detected by EXPMON [CVE-2021-40444 Exploitation] (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Microsoft Office Word Contacted Domain (via registry_event)
		CVE-2021-40444 Malicious Office Document with RCE 0-Day (via proxy)
		MSHTML Module Load in MS Office CVE-2021-40444 (via imageload)
		Exploit the CVE-2021-40444 MSHTML vulnerability (via process_creation)
		MS Office Prodcuts Spawning Control.exe
Defense Evasion	Signed Binary Proxy Execution (T1218)	CVE-2021-40444 Malicious Office Document with RCE 0-Day (via proxy)
		Control.exe Loading from World Writable Directory
		Rundll32 with Control RunDLL function
		Exploit the CVE-2021-40444 MSHTML vulnerability (via process_creation)
		Windows MSHTML 0-Day Exploited to Deploy Cobalt Strike Beacon in Targeted Attacks (CVE-2021-40444) (via process_creation)
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via file_event)
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via cmdline)
	Hide Artifacts (T1564)	Suspicious Files in Public User Profile (via file_event)
	Hide Artifacts (T1564)	Suspicious Execution from Public User Profile (via process_creation)
	Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027)	Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) triggered Via Office Docs
	Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027)	Possible EXOTIC LILY Execution with Microsoft MSHTML Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) via Rundll32
	Hijack Execution Flow (T1574)	CVE-2021-40444 Malicious Office Document with RCE 0-Day (via proxy)
	Template Injection (T1221)	CVE-2021-40444 Malicious Office Document with RCE 0-Day (via proxy)
		Palo Alto Threat Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability [CVE-2021-40444]
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via image_load)
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via registry_event)
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via cmdline)
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via proxy)
		Possible 'Follina'/CVE-2022-30190 - a MS Office Code Execution Vulnerability Exploitation (via Diagnosis-Scripted provider)
		Palo Alto Threat Follina MS Office Zero-Day Vulnerability Exploitation [CVE-2022-30190]
	Modify Registry (T1112)	MSHTML RCE Vulnerability Detection (CVE-2021-40444)
	Modify Registry (T1112)	Windows MSHTML 0-Day Exploited to Deploy Cobalt Strike Beacon in Targeted Attacks (CVE-2021-40444) (via process_creation)
	Process Injection (T1055)	Possible EXOTIC LILY Execution with Microsoft MSHTML Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) via Rundll32
	Process Injection (T1055)	New PowerShortShell Exploits Microsoft MSHTML Vulnerability
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Suspicious Hidden Powershell Execution (via cmdline)
		CVE-2021-40444 Process Pattern
		Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) triggered Via Office Docs
		Possible EXOTIC LILY Execution with Microsoft MSHTML Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) via Rundll32
		Attackers Bypass Patch for Critical Microsoft MSHTML Flaw (CVE-2021-40444)
	User Execution (T1204)	Suspicious Office Document to Create cab and inf File with CVE-2021-40444
	User Execution (T1204)	Office Product Writing cab or inf with CVE-2021-40444
	Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203)	CVE-2021-40444 Malicious Office Document with RCE 0-Day (via proxy)
	Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203)	Possible EXOTIC LILY Execution with Microsoft MSHTML Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) via Rundll32
Lateral Movement	Exploitation of Remote Services (T1210)	Palo Alto Threat Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability [CVE-2021-40444]
Command and Control	Data Obfuscation (T1001)	Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-40444) triggered Via Office Docs
Command and Control	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	CVE-2021-40444 Malicious Office Document with RCE 0-Day (via proxy)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 취약점 탐지: 우크라이나 국가 기관에 대한 사이버 공격에서 전달된 Cobalt Strike Beacon

CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 악용을 통한 Cobalt Strike Beacon 제공: 피싱 공격 분석

최신 피싱 캠페인에서 Cobalt Strike Beacon을 탐지하기 위한 Sigma 규칙

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

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사이버 방어를 강화하세요 위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 취약점 탐지: 우크라이나 국가 기관에 대한 사이버 공격에서 전달된 Cobalt Strike Beacon

CVE-2021-40444 및 CVE-2022-30190 악용을 통한 Cobalt Strike Beacon 제공: 피싱 공격 분석

최신 피싱 캠페인에서 Cobalt Strike Beacon을 탐지하기 위한 Sigma 규칙

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

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