CAPIBAR 및 KAZUAR 악성코드 감지: Turla 일명 UAC-0024 또는 UAC-0003이 우크라이나를 대상으로 사이버 첩보 캠페인 개시

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Veronika Telychko

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7월 19, 2023 · 3 분 읽기

CAPIBAR 및 KAZUAR 악성코드 감지: Turla 일명 UAC-0024 또는 UAC-0003이 우크라이나를 대상으로 사이버 첩보 캠페인 개시

적어도 2022년부터 UAC-0024로 추적된 해킹 집단은 우크라이나 방위군을 대상으로 일련의 공격 작전을 수행하고 있습니다. 이 그룹의 사이버 스파이 활동은 주로 CAPIBAR 멀웨어를 활용한 정보 수집에 중점을 두고 있습니다. 공격자의 TTP와 Kazuar라는 또 다른 멀웨어의 사용이 발견됨에 따라, 이 적대적 활동은 악명 높은 Turla APT 그룹과 연관될 수 있으며, 이 그룹은 러시아 연방 보안 서비스의 지원을 받고 있습니다.

Turla APT aka UAC-0024 공격 설명

CERT-UA 연구자들은 최근 경고를 발행하여 UAC-0024 해커 또는 Turla APT의 사이버 스파이 활동 개요를 다루었습니다. 2023년 5월, 나토 국가들에 대한 장기 캠페인 배후에 있는 것으로 관찰된 러시아 연계 그룹은 오랫동안Iron Hunter, Krypton, 또는 Secret Blizzard라는 이름으로 알려져 있으며, 대체로 CERT-UA에 의해 UAC-0003으로 추적되며 주로 피싱 공격 벡터를 활용합니다. 공공부문, 외교, 군사 조직이 주요 대상입니다.

1년 이상 동안, 악명 높은 러시아 지원 해킹 갱단은 우크라이나 및 동맹국을 대상으로 CAPIBAR 멀웨어(DeliveryCheck 또는 GAMEDAY로도 추적됨)를 악용하여 목표 사이버 스파이 공격을 수행해 오고 있습니다. 이 악성 코드는 XSLT 언어와 COM-하이재킹을 적용하며, 특정 PowerShell 유틸리티를 통해 MOF 파일로 위장하여 손상된 MS Exchange 서버에 설치될 수 있으며, 이를 통해 공격자는 합법적인 서버를 원격 멀웨어 관리 도구로 전환할 수 있습니다.

초기 공격 단계에서 UAC-0024 해커는 파일 및 매크로가 포함된 첨부 파일을 유인하여 잠재 피해자가 열어보도록 유도하는 이메일을 대량 배포합니다. 합법적인 매크로를 열면 이에 포함된 코드 스니펫이 PowerShell을 실행하는 감염 체인을 시작합니다. 이는 해커들이 KAZUAR 백도어를 투하할 수 있게 하며, 이 백도어는 ChakraCore를 통해 JavaScript 코드 실행, OS 레지스트리에서 이벤트 로그 수집, 자격 증명 도용(사용자 비밀번호, 쿠키, 북마크 및 기타 민감한 데이터 도난), 데이터베이스 및 소프트웨어 구성 파일 도난 등을 포함한 수십 가지 악의적인 기능을 수행할 수 있습니다. 또한, 위협 행위자는 Rclone 오픈 소스 파일 관리 명령줄 유틸리티를 활용하여 손상된 컴퓨터에서 데이터를 탈취할 수 있습니다.

CERT-UA#6981 경고에 포함된 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 UAC-0024 공격 탐지

Turla APT 또는 UAC-0024로 추적된 러시아 연계 위협 행위자의 지속적인 공격은 1년 이상 동안 사이버 위협 분야에서 주목받아왔으며, 사이버 방어자들의 완전한 주목을 받고 있습니다. 러시아 지원 위협에 대해 사전 방어를 구현하려는 진보적인 조직은 수천 개의 관련 Sigma 룰, 특히 UAC-0024 공격 탐지를 위한 선별된 콘텐츠 스택을 활용할 수 있습니다.

버튼을 클릭하여 탐지 탐색 팀은 관련 CERT-UA 통지 및 해당 그룹 식별자에 따라 ‘CERT-UA#6981’, ‘UAC-0024’, 또는 ‘UAC-0003’ 태그가 붙은 전용 Sigma 룰 전체 컬렉션에 접근할 수 있습니다. 탐지 규칙 및 사냥 쿼리는 수십 개의 보안 분석 플랫폼 및 데이터 레이크 솔루션에 적용될 수 있으며, 맞춤형 정보로 보강되어 환경에 배포할 준비가 되어 있습니다.

탐지 탐색

CERT-UA는 또한 CERT-UA#6981 경고 에서 Turla 관련 위협을 효과적으로 사냥하기 위한 관련 파일 및 호스트 침해 지표 목록을 제공합니다. SOC Prime이 지원하는 Uncoder AI를 사용하여, 보안 엔지니어링 요구에 맞게 즉시 생성된 IOC 쿼리로 IOC를 사냥하는 것은 위협 조사를 몇 초 단축하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

UAC-0024 공격 탐지를 위한 위에서 언급된 모든 Sigma 룰은 MITRE ATT&CK 프레임워크 v12에 맞춰 해당 전술과 기술을 다루고 있습니다. 아래 표를 통해 관련 러시아 연계 사이버 스파이 활동의 심층적인 사이버 위협 맥락을 탐색하고, 적시에 모든 규모의 위협을 완화하기 위한 통찰을 얻어보세요.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Defense Evasion	Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027)	Possible Base64 Encoded Malicious Stuff (via cmdline)
Execution	Command and Scripting Interpreter (T1059)	Suspicious Powershell Strings (via powershell)
		Environment Variables in Command Line Arguments (via cmdline)
		Possible Base64 Encoded Malicious Stuff (via cmdline)
		Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
		Call Suspicious .NET Methods from Powershell (via powershell)
	Scheduled Task/Job (T1053)	Suspicious Scheduled Task (via audit)
Command and Control	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
Exfiltration	Exfiltration Over Web Service (T1567)	Possible Data Exfiltration over Rclone Tool (via cmdline)
Persistence	Event Triggered Execution (T1546)	WMI Managed Object Format [MOF] (via cmdline)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

CAPIBAR 및 KAZUAR 악성코드 감지: Turla 일명 UAC-0024 또는 UAC-0003이 우크라이나를 대상으로 사이버 첩보 캠페인 개시

Turla APT aka UAC-0024 공격 설명

CERT-UA#6981 경고에 포함된 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 UAC-0024 공격 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

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사이버 방어를 강화하세요 위협 탐지 마켓플레이스

CAPIBAR 및 KAZUAR 악성코드 감지: Turla 일명 UAC-0024 또는 UAC-0003이 우크라이나를 대상으로 사이버 첩보 캠페인 개시

Turla APT aka UAC-0024 공격 설명

CERT-UA#6981 경고에 포함된 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 UAC-0024 공격 탐지

MITRE ATT&CK® 컨텍스트

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