CVE-2025-40778 및 CVE-2025-40780: BIND 9의 캐시 포이즈닝 취약점

Ruslan Mikhalov Chief of Threat Research at SOC Prime

CVE-2025-40778 및 CVE-2025-40780: BIND 9의 캐시 포이즈닝 취약점

Detection stack

AIDR
Alert
ETL
Query

위협 보고서
탐지
시뮬레이션

분석

CVE-2025-40778 및 CVE-2025-40780은 세계에서 가장 널리 배포된 DNS 서버인 BIND 9에서 ISP, 기업 및 정부 네트워크에서 사용되는 고심각도 캐시 중독 취약점입니다. 2025년 10월 22일, ISC는 원격으로 악용 가능한 세 가지 BIND 9 결함을 공개했습니다: CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 (둘 다 CVSS 8.6), 및 CVE-2025-8677 (CVSS 7.5), 모두 네트워크를 통해 인증 없이 도달 가능합니다. CVE-2025-40778은 바일릭 규칙을 위반하는 데이터를 캐시할 수 있도록 허용하는 응답 기록의 무허가 수락 처리로 인해 발생하며, 이를 통해 공격자가 제어하는 인프라로 사용자를 리디렉션하는 캐시 중독을 가능하게 합니다. CVE-2025-40780은 소스 포트 및 쿼리 ID 무작위화를 약화시키며, 이를 통해 공격자가 값 예측을 쉽게 하고 대역 내에서 위조 응답을 ‘승리’할 수 있게 합니다. CVE-2025-8677은 잘못된 DNSKEY 레코드를 악용하여 CPU 사용량을 100%로 밀어 DoS 조건을 생성하고 캐시-중독 캠페인을 증폭합니다.

조사

CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 및 CVE-2025-8677의 조사는 DNS 인프라의 전체 인벤토리에서 시작해야 합니다. 내부, 랩 및 ‘잊혀진’ 인스턴스를 포함하여 모든 BIND 9 재귀 리졸버를 식별하고 각 서버를 해당 정확한 BIND 버전 및 역할(재귀, 권한, 포워더, 검증자)에 매핑하십시오. ISC에 따르면, 영향을 받는 배포는 9.18.41, 9.20.15 또는 9.21.14(또는 Preview 9.18.41-S1 / 9.20.15-S1)로 업그레이드해야 합니다. CVE-2025-40778의 경우 캐시 중독 신호를 찾으십시오: 결코 쿼리하지 않은 이름의 캐시된 기록, 예기치 않은 추가 기록, 계획된 DNS 업데이트가 없는 고가치 도메인의 갑작스러운 IP 변경. CVE-2025-40780의 경우 엔트로피 남용을 찾으십시오: 신뢰할 수 없는 IP에서의 위조되거나 반복된 응답의 폭발, 유사한 쿼리의 높은 볼륨, 클라이언트측 TLS 또는 브라우저 경고. CVE-2025-8677이 DoS를 유발할 수 있으므로 반복적인 SERVFAIL/시간 초과, 이상한 DNSSEC 존, 특정 쿼리에 연결된 CPU 또는 대기 시간 스파이크를 모니터링하십시오.

완화

CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 및 CVE-2025-8677의 경우, ISC는 해결책이 없으며 — BIND 9 패치가 주요 방어 수단입니다. 재귀 리졸버는 9.18.41, 9.20.15 또는 9.21.14, 또는 Preview 빌드 9.18.41-S1 / 9.20.15-S1로 업그레이드해야 하며, 배포 패키지가 ISC 지침에 맞는지 확인하십시오. 동시에 리졸버 구성 강화를 통해 신뢰할 수 있는 클라이언트 및 내부 네트워크로 재귀를 제한하고, 인터넷의 공개 리졸버를 피하며, 추가 기록의 최소 수락으로 엄격한 바일릭 검사를 시행하십시오. 재귀 리졸버에서 DNSSEC 검증을 활성화하고, 변조 징후를 모니터링하며, 네트워크 수준의 제어를 추가하여 의심스러운 DNS 트래픽 또는 악성 리졸버 활동을 필터링하고 속도를 제한하십시오. 마지막으로, 신호 센서 감시, SERVFAIL/시간 초과 스파이크, 반복 쿼리, 또는 CVE-2025-8677의 악용을 나타낼 수 있는 DNSKEY 처리 이상 징후에 대한 경고와 함께 모니터링을 강화하십시오.

대응

DNS 인프라가 CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 또는 CVE-2025-8677을 통해 공격당했거나 손상되었다고 의심되면, 우선 DNS 서비스를 안정화하고 보호하십시오. 가능한 경우 패치된 보조 리졸버를 사용하여 페일오버하고 취약한 리졸버에 외부 접근을 제한하면서 내부에서는 분석이 가능하도록 유지하십시오. 리졸버 캐시를 비워 중독된 항목을 제거하고 고가치 내부 존의 기록을 권위 있는 소스로 확인한 후 다시 사용하십시오. 중요한 도메인(IdP, 이메일, VPN, 관리자 포털, 결제)의 IP 해결 및 DNSSEC 상태를 등록 기관 및 변경 로그와 대조하여 DNS 무결성을 확인하십시오. BIND 로그, 시스템 로그 및 패킷 캡처를 보존하여 피싱 사이트로의 리디렉션, 가짜 SSO 포털 또는 불량 메일 서버의 증거를 포렌식 검토를 위해 탐색하십시오. 패치 후에는 강화된 구성으로 재배포하고, 업데이트된 SIEM 탐지 및 DNS 캐시 중독 위험 및 새로운 보호 조치에 대해 팀을 교육하십시오.

탐지 규칙

이 부분은 아직 업데이트 중입니다. 알림을 받으려면 가입하세요

알림 신청

페이로드 지침

이 부분은 아직 업데이트 중입니다. 알림을 받으려면 가입하세요

알림 신청

SOC Prime의 Detection as Code 플랫폼에 가입하세요 귀하의 비즈니스와 가장 관련 있는 위협에 대한 가시성을 향상시키세요. 시작하고 즉각적인 가치를 창출하기 위해 지금 SOC Prime 전문가와의 미팅을 예약하세요.

무료 가입하기

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.