Detection stack
- AIDR
- Alert
- ETL
- Query
SesameOp マルウェア攻撃
Microsoft の研究者は、OpenAI Assistants API を隠れた指令と制御チャネルとして使用する、SesameOp という新しいバックドアを発見しました。このマルウェアは、悪意ある Netapi64.dll ローダーを通じて配布され、AppDomainManager を利用した注入によって .NET プロセスに投入されます。設定は DLL のリソースに格納され、OpenAI エンドポイントと通信してコマンドを受信し、結果を送信します。この脅威は、Windows ホストにおける長期的な諜報活動を目的としています。
調査
調査により、Eazfuscator.NET で難読化されたローダー DLL (Netapi64.dll) が特定され、そのDLLはマーカーファイルとミューテックスを作成し、次に OpenAIAgent.Netapi64 という名のバックドアコンポーネントをデコードおよび実行します。バックドアは、OpenAI API キー、辞書キー、およびオプションのプロキシを含むパイプ区切りの設定を解析します。それは、コマンドまたはペイロードを符号化するベクトルストア、アシスタント、メッセージを取得するために OpenAI Assistants API とやり取りし、それらを復号化、解凍し、JScript エンジンを介して実行します。
軽減策
Microsoft は、ファイアウォールとプロキシ設定の強化、Defender における改ざん防止とリアルタイム保護の有効化、不要なアプリケーションに対するブロックモードの使用を推奨します。api.openai.com への外向きトラフィックの監視と、特定のミューテックスおよび一時ファイルの作成の検出が活動の検出に役立ちます。EDR をブロックモードで展開し、自動修復アクションを推奨します。
対応策
検出時には、影響を受けたホストを隔離し、悪意あるプロセスを終了し、Netapi64.dll および関連の一時ファイルを削除し、妥協された OpenAI API キーを無効化します。継続性のあるメカニズムのための完全な法科学的レビューを行い、すべての特権資格情報を変更します。特定されたミューテックス、ファイルパス、OpenAI Assistants API への外向き接続を検出するための検出ルールを更新します。
graph TB %% Class Definitions classDef action fill:#99ccff classDef process fill:#ffcc99 classDef tool fill:#cccccc classDef malware fill:#ff9999 classDef operator fill:#ff9900 %% Nodes action_initial_loader[“<b>Action</b> – 初期ローダーの配置<br /><b>Techniques</b>: T1546.010 AppInit DLLs、T1546.009 AppCert DLLs、T1546.007 Netsh ヘルパー DLL”] class action_initial_loader action process_dll_loaded[“<b>Process</b> – DLL 読み込み(Netapi64.dll)”] class process_dll_loaded process action_hijack_flow[“<b>Action</b> – 実行フローのハイジャック: AppDomainManager<br /><b>Technique</b>: T1574.014(永続化および特権昇格のための実行フロー改変)”] class action_hijack_flow action action_inject_code[“<b>Action</b> – 悪意のある .NET コードの注入<br /><b>Technique</b>: T1027(難読化されたファイルまたは情報)”] class action_inject_code action malware_backdoor[“<b>Malware</b> – 難読化バックドア(OpenAIAgent.Netapi64)<br />難読化: Eazfuscator.NET、XOR、Base64、GZIP”] class malware_backdoor malware tool_mavinject[“<b>Tool</b> – Mavinject<br /><b>Technique</b>: T1218.013(システムバイナリのプロキシ実行)”] class tool_mavinject tool action_js_injection[“<b>Action</b> – JScriptEngine による入力インジェクション(Eval.JScriptEvaluate)”] class action_js_injection action action_execute_payloads[“<b>Action</b> – 攻撃者ペイロードの実行”] class action_execute_payloads action action_archive_data[“<b>Action</b> – 収集データのアーカイブ(AES/GZIP)<br /><b>Technique</b>: T1560.003(収集データのアーカイブ)”] class action_archive_data action action_send_results[“<b>Action</b> – OpenAI Assistants API を介した結果送信<br /><b>Techniques</b>: T1071.001(Web プロトコル HTTPS)、T1102.002(Web サービス)、T1001.003(データ難読化:プロトコル偽装)”] class action_send_results action action_cleanup[“<b>Action</b> – アーティファクトのクリーンアップ<br /><b>Techniques</b>: T1070.004(ファイル削除)、T1027.005(ツールからの痕跡除去)”] class action_cleanup action %% Edges action_initial_loader –>|loads| process_dll_loaded process_dll_loaded –>|hijacks| action_hijack_flow action_hijack_flow –>|injects| action_inject_code action_inject_code –>|creates| malware_backdoor malware_backdoor –>|uses| tool_mavinject tool_mavinject –>|injects into| action_js_injection action_js_injection –>|executes| action_execute_payloads action_execute_payloads –>|archives| action_archive_data action_archive_data –>|exfiltrates| action_send_results action_send_results –>|cleans| action_cleanup
攻撃フロー
SesameOp バックドアの検出
Netapi64 バックドアイニシャライゼーションと例外ログの検出 [Windows ファイルイベント]
表示
OpenAI API を利用する SesameOp バックドアの検出 [Windows プロセス作成]
表示
C2 通信のために OpenAI API を使用する SesameOp バックドアの検出 [Windows ネットワーク接続]
表示
不審なプロセスによって解決された可能性のある OpenAI Assistants API ドメイン (dns_query 経由)
表示
SesameOp バックドア ペイロード
シミュレーション実行
前提条件: テレメトリー & ベースラインの事前フライトチェックをパスしている必要があります。
-
攻撃ストーリー & コマンド:
攻撃者は、侵害された Windows ホストに SesameOp バックドアを展開しました。C2 を確立するために、SesameOp は HTTPS POST を発行します
https://api.openai.com/v1/assistants暗号化されたコマンドデータを運びます。バックドアはsvchost.exe(信頼された外観のシステムプロセス) の下で実行され、デフォルトシステムプロキシを使用しているため、追加のプロセスやユーザーコンテキストが見られず、単一の文字列マッチが唯一の指標となっています。- バックドアプロセスの開始 (本物のマルウェアを避けるためにここでは PowerShell でシミュレーション)。
- 悪意のあるペイロードを送信 OpenAI Assistants エンドポイントへ。
-
接続を維持 短期間維持して、可視な
NetworkConnectイベントを生成。
-
回帰テストスクリプト:
# SesameOp C2 通信のシミュレーション – テストのために再現可能 $payload = @{ "model" = "gpt-4" "messages" = @( @{ "role" = "system"; "content" = "You are a backdoor controller." }, @{ "role" = "user"; "content" = "list processes" } ) } | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 4
SOCプライムのDetection as Codeプラットフォームに参加してください ビジネスに最も関連する脅威の可視性を向上させるために。開始をお手伝いし、即時の価値を提供するために、今すぐSOCプライムの専門家とミーティングを予約してください。
Cookie Settings
You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| PHPSESSID | Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages. |
| sp_i | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
| sp_r | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
| sp_a | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| tuuid | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| tuuid_last_update | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| um | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| umeh | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| na_sc_x | Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site. |
| APID | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website. |
| IDSYNC | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website. |
| _cc_aud | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_cc | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_dc | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_id | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| dpm | Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
| acs | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
| clid | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
| KRTBCOOKIE_# | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| PUBMDCID | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| PugT | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| ssi | Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads. |
| _tmid | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips. |
| wam-sync | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| wui | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| AFFICHE_W | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| B | Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor. |
| 1P_JAR | These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates. |
| APISID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| HSID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| NID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SAPISID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SIDCC | Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access. |
| SSID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| __utmx | This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website. |
| __utmxx | This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website. |
If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| _hjid | Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID. |
| _hjIncludedInSample | This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample. |
| intercom-id-[xxx] | This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site. |
| intercom-session-[xxx] | Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations. |
| demdex | Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
| CookieConsent | Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. |
| __cfduid | Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic. |
| ss | These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality . |
They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| _ga | This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners. |
| _gat | Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes. |
| _gid | This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. |
| IDE | Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. |
| r/collect | Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. |
| test_cookie | Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies. |
| collect | Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels. |
| ads/user-lists/# | These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. |
| c | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| khaos | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| put_# | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| rpb | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| rpx | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| tap.php | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |