ScreenConnect Pirata: Tácticas Comunes de Ingeniería Social que Vimos en 2025

Ruslan Mikhalov Chief of Threat Research at SOC Prime

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ScreenConnect Pirata: Tácticas Comunes de Ingeniería Social que Vimos en 2025

Detection stack

AIDR
Alert
ETL
Query

Informe de Amenazas
Flujo de Ataque
Detecciones
Simulaciones

Resumen

Los actores de amenazas están entregando clientes ScreenConnect maliciosos (monitorización y gestión remotas) a través de cebos de ingeniería social como declaraciones falsas del Seguro Social, cartas de invitación y documentos de facturas. Los cebos se distribuyen mediante correos electrónicos de phishing y páginas web maliciosas, lo que lleva a las víctimas a descargar ejecutables ScreenConnect renombrados. Una vez instalado, el RMM falso proporciona al atacante acceso remoto persistente al host comprometido.

Investigación

Huntress observó docenas de incidentes entre enero y septiembre de 2025 donde se ejecutaron binarios de ScreenConnect renombrados en endpoints de múltiples industrias. El SOC recopiló nombres de dominio, direcciones IP y hashes de archivos asociados, señalando el uso repetido de servicios de DNS dinámico y patrones específicos de denominación de cebos. Un análisis detallado de registros mostró que el cliente malicioso contactaba dominios controlados por el atacante para comando y control.

Mitigación

Las organizaciones deben fortalecer la capacitación en concienciación de seguridad para detectar declaraciones, facturas y archivos de invitación falsos. Se recomienda realizar un monitoreo continuo de las herramientas de acceso remoto, restringir la ejecución de binarios RMM no firmados y auditar las conexiones de red a dominios maliciosos conocidos. Mantener el software RMM actualizado y en lista blanca solo las instancias autorizadas.

Respuesta

Al detectar un ejecutable de ScreenConnect renombrado, aísle el endpoint, recopile el binario y el tráfico de red asociado, y bloquee el dominio C2 en el cortafuegos. Realice un análisis forense para identificar mecanismos de persistencia y movimiento lateral, luego remedie cuentas comprometidas y restablezca credenciales.

graph TB %% Class definitions classDef technique fill:#ffcc99 classDef tool fill:#cccccc classDef operator fill:#ff9900 %% Node definitions tech_initial_access_phishing[«Técnica – T1566 Phishing Descripción: Los actores de amenazas envían correos electrónicos diseñados que imitan declaraciones del Seguro Social, facturas o invitaciones con enlaces maliciosos.»] class tech_initial_access_phishing technique tech_malicious_link[«Técnica – T1204.001 Enlace Malicioso Descripción: La víctima hace clic en un enlace malicioso que redirige a una página de descarga.»] class tech_malicious_link technique tech_malicious_file[«Técnica – T1204.002 Archivo Malicioso Descripción: La víctima descarga y ejecuta un ejecutable disfrazado de documento o invitación.»] class tech_malicious_file technique op_user_execution((«Ejecución de Usuario»)) class op_user_execution operator tech_masquerading[«Técnica – T1036 Enmascaramiento Subtécnicas: T1036.008 Tipo de Archivo de Máscara, T1036.003 Renombrar Utilidades Legítimas, T1036.007 Doble Extensión de Archivo Descripción: La carga útil se renombra para parecer legítima y evitar la detección.»] class tech_masquerading technique tech_rat_installation[«Técnica – T1219 Instalación de Herramienta de Acceso Remoto Descripción: Instalación de un cliente ScreenConnect que proporciona capacidades de monitorización y gestión remotas.»] class tech_rat_installation technique tool_screenconnect[«Herramienta – Nombre: ScreenConnect (ConnectWise Control) Descripción: Software de acceso remoto utilizado como un RAT.»] class tool_screenconnect tool tech_dynamic_dns[«Técnica – T1568.002 Algoritmos de Generación de Dominios Descripción: Utiliza servicios de DNS dinámico y dominios generados para comunicación C2.»] class tech_dynamic_dns technique tech_app_layer_dns[«Técnica – T1071.004 Protocolo de Capa de Aplicación: DNS Descripción: Tráfico C2 transmitido a través de consultas DNS.»] class tech_app_layer_dns technique tech_app_layer_web[«Técnica – T1071.001 Protocolo de Capa de Aplicación: Web Descripción: Tráfico C2 transmitido a través de protocolos web HTTPS.»] class tech_app_layer_web technique tech_web_service_bidirectional[«Técnica – T1102.002 Servicio Web: Comunicación Bidireccional Descripción: Usa servicio web para comunicación C2 bidireccional.»] class tech_web_service_bidirectional technique tech_external_remote_services[«Técnica – T1133 Servicios Remotos Externos Descripción: Mantiene persistencia vía servicios remotos externos permitiendo acceso continuo.»] class tech_external_remote_services technique tech_hide_artifacts[«Técnica – T1564.012 Ocultar Artefactos: Exclusiones de Archivo/Ruta Descripción: Configura exclusiones para ocultar archivos maliciosos de las herramientas de seguridad.»] class tech_hide_artifacts technique tech_passive_dns[«Técnica – T1596.001 Búsqueda en Bases de Datos Técnicas Abiertas: DNS Pasivo Descripción: Usa datos de DNS pasivo para descubrir o registrar dominios maliciosos.»] class tech_passive_dns technique %% Connections tech_initial_access_phishing u002du002d>|entrega| op_user_execution op_user_execution u002du002d>|usa| tech_malicious_link op_user_execution u002du002d>|usa| tech_malicious_file op_user_execution u002du002d>|lleva a| tech_masquerading tech_masquerading u002du002d>|habilita| tech_rat_installation tech_rat_installation u002du002d>|instala| tool_screenconnect tool_screenconnect u002du002d>|contacta| tech_dynamic_dns tool_screenconnect u002du002d>|usa| tech_app_layer_dns tool_screenconnect u002du002d>|usa| tech_app_layer_web tool_screenconnect u002du002d>|usa| tech_web_service_bidirectional tech_dynamic_dns u002du002d>|soporta| tech_external_remote_services tech_external_remote_services u002du002d>|habilita| tech_passive_dns tech_dynamic_dns u002du002d>|soporta| tech_hide_artifacts

Flujo de Ataque

Narrativa y Comandos del Ataque:
Un atacante elabora un correo electrónico de phishing con un adjunto llamado Social_Security_Statement_redacted.exe que en realidad contiene un instalador legítimo de ScreenConnect (o cualquier carga útil). La víctima, creyendo que es un documento de finanzas personales, hace doble clic en el archivo. El sistema operativo lanza el ejecutable, produciendo un evento de creación de proceso donde el Campo de Imagen termina con el nombre de archivo malicioso. Este patrón exacto coincide con la regla Sigma y debería generar una alerta.

Script de Prueba de Regresión:

# --------------------------------------------------------------
# Script de simulación - activa la regla "ScreenConnect Falso"
# --------------------------------------------------------------

# 1. Preparar una carga útil benigna (por ejemplo, calc.exe) y renombrarla
$src = "$env:SystemRootSystem32calc.exe"
$dst = "$env:TempSocial_Security_Statement_redacted.exe"

Copy-Item -Path $src -Destination $dst -Force

# 2. Opcionalmente establecer el atributo oculto para imitar evasión (T1564.004)
attrib +h $dst

# 3. Ejecutar la carga útil renombrada (simulando clic del usuario)
Start-Process -FilePath $dst

# 4. Esperar brevemente para asegurar el registro
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

# 5. Confirmación de salida
Write-Host "Ejecutado $dst – debería generar telemetría de detección."

Comandos de Limpieza:

# Eliminar el ejecutable con aspecto malicioso y limpiar atributo
$file = "$env:TempSocial_Security_Statement_redacted.exe"
if (Test-Path $file) {
    attrib -h $file
    Remove-Item -Path $file -Force
    Write-Host "Limpieza completa: $file eliminado."
} else {
    Write-Host "Archivo no encontrado; nada que limpiar."
}

Fin del Informe

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.