CVE-2025-40778 und CVE-2025-40780: Cache Poisoning-Schwachstellen in BIND 9

Ruslan Mikhalov Chief of Threat Research at SOC Prime

CVE-2025-40778 und CVE-2025-40780: Cache Poisoning-Schwachstellen in BIND 9

Detection stack

AIDR
Alert
ETL
Query

Bedrohungsbericht
Erkennungen
Simulationen

Analyse

CVE-2025-40778 und CVE-2025-40780 sind schwerwiegende Cache-Poisoning-Schwachstellen in BIND 9, dem weltweit am häufigsten eingesetzten DNS-Server, der von ISPs, Unternehmen und Regierungsnetzwerken genutzt wird. Am 22. Oktober 2025 veröffentlichte ISC drei aus der Ferne ausnutzbare BIND 9-Schwachstellen: CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 (beide CVSS 8.6) und CVE-2025-8677 (CVSS 7.5), die alle ohne Authentifizierung über das Netzwerk erreichbar sind. CVE-2025-40778 entsteht durch eine zu großzügige Behandlung von unerwünschten Ressourceneinträgen, wodurch rekursive Resolver Daten cachen können, die die Bailiwick-Regeln verletzen, und so Cache-Poisoning ermöglichen, das Benutzer zu von Angreifern kontrollierter Infrastruktur umleitet. CVE-2025-40780 schwächt die Zufallsverteilung von Quellports und Abfrage-IDs, wodurch es Angreifern einfacher gemacht wird, Werte vorherzusagen und Spoofing-Antworten auf dem Transportweg zu „gewinnen“. CVE-2025-8677 ergänzt diese Probleme, indem es verdorbene DNSKEY-Datensätze missbraucht, um die CPU-Auslastung auf 100 % zu treiben und DoS-Bedingungen zu schaffen, die Cache-Poisoning-Kampagnen verstärken.

Untersuchung

Die Untersuchung von CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 und CVE-2025-8677 sollte mit einer vollständigen Inventarisierung Ihrer DNS-Infrastruktur beginnen. Identifizieren Sie jeden BIND 9-Resolver, einschließlich interner, Labor- und „vergessener“ Instanzen, und ordnen Sie jeden Server seiner genauen BIND-Version und Rolle zu (rekursiv, autoritativ, Forwarder, validierend). Laut ISC sollten betroffene Implementierungen auf 9.18.41, 9.20.15 oder 9.21.14 (oder Preview 9.18.41-S1 / 9.20.15-S1) aktualisiert werden. Suchen Sie für CVE-2025-40778 nach Anzeichen von Cache-Poisoning: gepufferte Einträge für nie abgefragte Namen, unerwartete zusätzliche Einträge oder plötzliche IP-Änderungen für wichtige Domains ohne geplante DNS-Updates. Suchen Sie für CVE-2025-40780 nach Missbrauch von Entropie: Ausbrüche von gefälschten oder wiederholten Antworten von unzuverlässigen IPs, hohe Mengen ähnlicher Anfragen und clientseitige TLS- oder Browserwarnungen. Da CVE-2025-8677 DoS auslösen kann, überwachen Sie auf wiederholte SERVFAIL/Timeouts, seltsame DNSSEC-Zonen und CPU- oder Latenzspitzen, die mit bestimmten Anfragen verbunden sind.

Minderung

Für CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 und CVE-2025-8677 nennt ISC keine Umgehungslösungen — das Patchen von BIND 9 ist der primäre Schutz. Rekursive Resolver sollten auf 9.18.41, 9.20.15 oder 9.21.14 oder auf Preview-Versionen 9.18.41-S1 / 9.20.15-S1 aktualisiert werden, wobei überprüft wird, dass die Distro-Pakete den ISC-Richtlinien entsprechen. Gleichzeitig sollte die Konfiguration des Resolvers gehärtet werden, indem die Rekursion auf vertrauenswürdige Clients und interne Netzwerke beschränkt wird, offene Resolver im Internet vermieden und strenge Bailiwick-Prüfungen mit minimaler Akzeptanz zusätzlicher Einträge durchgesetzt werden. Aktivieren Sie die DNSSEC-Validierung auf rekursiven Resolvern, überwachen Sie die Fehlerquoten auf Anzeichen von Manipulationen und fügen Sie netzwerkbezogene Kontrollmechanismen hinzu, um verdächtigen DNS-Verkehr oder bösartige Resolver-Aktivitäten zu filtern und zu begrenzen. Schließlich verbessern Sie die Überwachung mit Alarmen bei plötzlichen IP-Änderungen für kritische Domains, Spitzen bei SERVFAIL/Timeouts, wiederholten Anfragen oder Anomalien bei der DNSKEY-Verarbeitung, die auf eine Ausnutzung von CVE-2025-8677 hindeuten könnten.

Reaktion

Wenn Sie vermuten, dass Ihre DNS-Infrastruktur möglicherweise über CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780 oder CVE-2025-8677 angegriffen oder kompromittiert wurde, stabilisieren und schützen Sie zunächst die DNS-Dienste. Wo möglich, wechseln Sie zu gepatchten sekundären Resolvern und schränken Sie den externen Zugriff auf gefährdete ein, während Sie diese intern für Analysen erreichbar halten. Löschen Sie Resolver-Caches, um vergiftete Einträge zu entfernen, und verifizieren Sie Einträge für wichtige interne Zonen mit autoritativen Quellen, bevor Sie sie wieder verwenden. Überprüfen Sie die DNS-Integrität, indem Sie IP-Auflösungen und den DNSSEC-Status für kritische Domains (IdPs, E-Mail, VPN, Administrator-Portale, Zahlungsportale) gegenüber Registraren und Änderungsprotokollen überprüfen. Bewahren Sie BIND-Protokolle, Systemprotokolle und Paketaufzeichnungen für forensische Überprüfungen auf und suchen Sie nach Hinweisen auf Umleitungen zu Phishing-Seiten, gefälschten SSO-Portalen oder bösartigen Mailservern. Nach dem Patchen setzen Sie mit gehärteten Konfigurationen neu ein, aktualisieren Sie SIEM-Erkennungen und informieren Sie Ihre Teams über Risiken der DNS-Cache-Manipulation und neue Schutzmaßnahmen.

Erkennungsregeln

Wir aktualisieren diesen Teil noch. Registrieren Sie sich, um benachrichtigt zu werden

Benachrichtigen Sie mich

Payload-Anweisungen

Wir aktualisieren diesen Teil noch. Registrieren Sie sich, um benachrichtigt zu werden

Benachrichtigen Sie mich

Treten Sie der Detection as Code-Plattform von SOC Prime bei um die Sichtbarkeit in Bedrohungen zu verbessern, die für Ihr Unternehmen am relevantesten sind. Um Ihnen den Einstieg zu erleichtern und sofortigen Nutzen zu bieten, buchen Sie jetzt ein Treffen mit SOC Prime-Experten.

Kostenlos beitreten

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.