페이지 21 | SOC Prime

KRaft: ZooKeeper 없이 Apache Kafka 사용하기

Posted on 27.12.202419.06.2025 by Oleksii K.

Apache Kafka는 전 세계 기업을 위한 신뢰할 수 있고 확장 가능한 데이터 파이프라인을 가능하게 하는 현대 이벤트 스트리밍 아키텍처의 초석이 되었습니다. 전통적으로 Kafka는 메타데이터, 구성 및 클러스터 조정을 관리하기 위해 ZooKeeper에 의존해 왔습니다. 그러나 KRaft (Kafka Raft)의 도입은 ZooKeeper의 필요성을 제거하고 클러스터 관리를 단순화하며 Kafka 아키텍처에 중대한 변화를 가져옵니다. KRaft란 무엇입니까? KRaft는 ZooKeeper를 대체하기 위해 도입된 새로운 […]

AWS WAF에서 정규 표현식 패턴 세트 생성

Posted on 23.12.202425.06.2025 by Comrade H.

AWS Web Application Firewall (WAF)는 다양한 공격으로부터 웹 애플리케이션을 보호하기 위한 강력한 도구입니다. Regex 패턴 세트 AWS WAF에서 복잡한 문자열 패턴을 매치시켜 악성 요청을 필터링하거나 특정 규칙을 강제할 수 있도록 합니다. 다음은 AWS WAF에서 Regex 패턴 세트를 생성하는 단계별 가이드입니다. 사용 사례 이해 Regex 패턴 세트를 생성하기 전에 매치를 원하는 특정 패턴을 파악하십시오. 예를 들어, […]

Apache Kafka의 기본 이해

Posted on 20.12.202425.06.2025 by Oleksii K.

Apache Kafka는 실시간 데이터 파이프라인과 스트리밍 애플리케이션을 구축하기 위해 설계된 오픈 소스 플랫폼입니다. 처음에는 LinkedIn에서 개발하고 나중에 Apache Software Foundation에 기증된 Kafka는 대규모, 고처리량, 저지연 데이터 스트림을 처리하는 필수 요소가 되었습니다. 본질적으로 Kafka는 분산 메시징 시스템으로 작동합니다. 시스템이 레코드 스트림을 게시하고 구독할 수 있게 해주어 메시지 큐나 기업 메시징 시스템과 유사하지만 추가적인 견고성과 유연성을 제공합니다. […]

UAC-0125 공격 탐지: 해커들이 Cloudflare Workers의 가짜 웹사이트를 이용하여 “Army+” 어플리케이션을 악용

Posted on 18.12.202425.06.2025 by Veronika Zahorulko

UAC-0099에 의한 사이버 첩보 캠페인 직후 피싱 공격 벡터를 통해, 다른 해킹 단체가 사이버 위협 분야에서 우크라이나 기관을 대상으로 진화했습니다. CERT-UA는 “Army+” 애플리케이션의 공식 페이지를 모방한 가짜 웹사이트들이 발견되었음을 방어자들에게 통지하며, 이들은 Cloudflare Workers 서비스를 사용하여 호스팅되고 있습니다. 이 악성 활동은 UAC-0125 그룹과 연결되어 있으며, 이는 UAC-0002(aka APT44 aka )로 추적되는 악명 높은 러시아 지원 […]

DarkGate 멀웨어 공격 탐지: Microsoft Teams를 통한 보이스 피싱으로 멀웨어 유포

Posted on 17.12.202420.06.2025 by Veronika Zahorulko

연구원들은 음성 피싱(vishing)을 사용하여 배포하는 새로운 악성 캠페인을 발견했습니다. DarkGate 멀웨어. 이 공격에서 공격자들은 Microsoft Teams 통화에서 알려진 클라이언트로 가장하여 피해자들이 AnyDesk 를 원격 액세스 용도로 다운로드하도록 속이고 추가적으로 멀웨어를 배포했습니다. DarkGate 멀웨어 공격 탐지 2024년 초여름, vishing 기법 이 원격 유틸리티를 포함한 공격 도구의 배포에 이어 사이버 공격에 사용되었습니다. 12월에 협박자들은 vishing을 통한 가장을 […]

주요 OpenSearch 대시보드 로깅 설정 이해하기

Posted on 17.12.202425.06.2025 by Oleksii K.

OpenSearch Dashboards는 OpenSearch 데이터를 시각화하고 상호 작용할 수 있는 강력한 도구입니다. 그러나 이를 최대한 활용하려면 로깅과 관련된 구성 설정을 이해해야 합니다. 아래에서는 주요 옵션과 배포에 대한 의미에 대해 깊이 탐구합니다. 1. 로깅 쿼리 설정: opensearch.logQueries이 설정은 대시보드에서 OpenSearch로 전송되는 모든 쿼리의 로깅을 활성화합니다. 기본적으로는 비활성화되어 있습니다 (false) 하지만, 활성화되면 (true), 그리고 logging.verbose와 결합되면, 대시보드가 생성하는 쿼리에 […]

JVM GC 모니터 서비스 오버헤드: 근본 원인과 권장사항

Posted on 17.12.202425.06.2025 by Oleksandr L

문제 설명 The JvmGcMonitorService 오버헤드경고는 Java 가상 머신(JVM)이 Old Generation Garbage Collection(GC)을 수행하고 있음을 나타냅니다. 이 과정 동안 JVM은 메모리를 회수하기 위해 다른 모든 작업을 일시 중지하며, 다음과 같은 잠재적인 중단을 초래할 수 있습니다: 응답 없음Elasticsearch 노드가 클라이언트 또는 클러스터 요청에 응답하지 않음. 노드 연결 끊김, 이는 클러스터의 불안정을 초래할 수 있습니다. 이 동작은 다음에 […]

UAC-0099 공격 탐지: WinRAR 취약점과 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 이용한 우크라이나 정부 기관 대상 사이버 스파이 활동

Posted on 16.12.202425.06.2025 by Veronika Zahorulko

The UAC-0099 2022년 하반기부터 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 타겟 사이버 첩보 공격을 실행 중인 해킹 집단이 사이버 위협 무대에 다시 등장했습니다. CERT-UA 팀은 2024년 11월에서 12월 사이에 이 그룹의 악성 활동이 증가했음을 관찰했으며, 피싱 공격 벡터를 사용하여 우크라이나 정부 기관을 대상으로 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 유포하고 있습니다. CERT-UA#12463 경보에 포함된 UAC-0099 공격 탐지 증가하고 있는 사이버 첩보 캠페인은 […]

비밀 블리자드 공격 탐지: 러시아 관련 APT 그룹이 아마데이 멀웨어를 통해 업데이트된 카주아르 백도어 버전을 우크라이나에 배포

Posted on 13.12.202420.06.2025 by Daryna Olyniychuk

러시아와 연계된 BlueAlpha의 Cloudflare 터널링 서비스를 악용하여 GammaDrop 악성 코드를 전파한 후, 또 다른 러시아 지원 국가 스폰서 APT 그룹이 주목을 받고 있습니다. Secret Blizzard(일명 Turla) APT 그룹으로 추적되는 이 악성 행위자는 다른 해킹 집단의 공격 도구 및 인프라를 활용하는 것으로 관찰되었습니다. 이 그룹의 캠페인은 또한 맞춤형 악성 코드를 배포하는 데 중점을 두고 있으며, Tavdig […]

IBM QRadar: How to Create a Rule for Log Source Monitoring

Posted on 13.12.202419.06.2025 by Oleh P.

맞춤 규칙 생성로그가 어떤 로그 소스에서 오지 않을 때 범죄를 생성하거나 알림을 보내는 맞춤 규칙을 만들 수 있습니다. 규칙 섹션으로 이동: 탐색하여오펜스 > 규칙. 클릭 작업 > 새 이벤트 규칙. 그런 다음 당신은 규칙 마법사 창을 봅니다.이 단계에서는 기본 매개변수를 사용하세요. 그 후 최종적으로 규칙에 대한 주요 구성을 보게 됩니다. 2. 규칙 조건 정의: 단계: […]

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.