UAC-0099 공격 탐지: WinRAR 취약점과 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 이용한 우크라이나 정부 기관 대상 사이버 스파이 활동

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Veronika Telychko

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12월 16, 2024 · 3 분 읽기

UAC-0099 공격 탐지: WinRAR 취약점과 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 이용한 우크라이나 정부 기관 대상 사이버 스파이 활동

The UAC-0099 2022년 하반기부터 우크라이나를 대상으로 한 타겟 사이버 첩보 공격을 실행 중인 해킹 집단이 사이버 위협 무대에 다시 등장했습니다. CERT-UA 팀은 2024년 11월에서 12월 사이에 이 그룹의 악성 활동이 증가했음을 관찰했으며, 피싱 공격 벡터를 사용하여 우크라이나 정부 기관을 대상으로 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 유포하고 있습니다.

CERT-UA#12463 경보에 포함된 UAC-0099 공격 탐지

증가하고 있는 사이버 첩보 캠페인은 우크라이나 및 그 동맹국의 정부 기관을 대상으로 한 공격으로 현재의 사이버 위협 환경에서 중요한 측면으로 두드러집니다. 최신 CERT-UA#12463 경보는 우크라이나 공공 부문 조직을 대상으로 한 새로운 정보 수집 작전을 관찰하고, CVE-2023-38831 악용과 LONEPAGE 악성코드 유포를 통한 감염 위험을 최소화하기 위한 방어 강화의 필요성을 강조합니다.

클릭 탐지 항목 보기 CERT-UA 경보에 포함된 UAC-0099 공격 탐지 SOC 콘텐츠의 큐레이팅된 목록에 도달하며, 이는 2024년 11월과 12월에 이르는 그룹의 적대적 작전에 중점을 둡니다. 모든 탐지는 MITRE ATT&CK® 프레임워크에 매핑되어 있으며, 위협 연구 강화를 위한 관련 사이버 위협 맥락을 제공합니다. CTI 및 기타 주요 메타데이터. 보안 팀은 또한 자동 번역 기능을 활용하여 SIEM, EDR, 데이터 레이크 형식으로 탐지 코드를 변환하여 보안 요구 사항을 충족할 수 있습니다.

탐지 항목 보기

보안 엔지니어는 또한 “UAC-0099” 태그를 통해 그룹 식별자에 기반을 둔 탐지 스택에 접근하여 사이버 첩보 공격과 연결된 TTP를 탐색할 수 있습니다.

또한, 팀은 그룹의 TTP에 대한 IOC 패키징과 회고적 사냥을 가속화할 수 있습니다. 활용하세요 Uncoder AI 최신 CERT-UA 연구로부터 IOCs를 즉시 변환하여 여러 언어 형식과 호환되는 큐레이팅된 사냥 쿼리로 만듭니다.

UAC-0099 공격 분석

2024년 12월 14일, CERT-UA는 ” CERT-UA#12463 “로 추적되는 새로운 주의를 발행하여 UAC-0099 행위자에 의한 사이버 첩보 활동 급증을 보안 팀에게 알렸습니다. 2024년 11월과 12월 사이에, 적대자들은 우크라이나의 임업 부서, 법의학 기관, 공장, 기타 공공 부문 기관을 포함한 국가 기관을 대상으로 일련의 사이버 공격을 시작했습니다.

공격자들은 LNK 또는 HTA 파일 형식의 이중 아카이브가 포함된 피싱 이메일을 통해 일반적인 행동 패턴을 적용했습니다. 이러한 아카이브 중 일부에는 알려진 WinRAR 취약점 CVE-2023-38831에 대한 악용도 포함되었습니다. 성공적인 손상 후, LONEPAGE 악성코드가 영향을 받은 기기에서 실행되어 명령 실행을 가능하게 합니다. 이 악성코드는 시스템을 감염시키고 HTTP POST 요청을 통해 서버로 도난 데이터를 전송하는 악성 PowerShell 명령을 실행합니다.

2023년 6월, UAC-0099 그룹은 우크라이나 언론 및 정부 기관에 대한 장기 캠페인 을 수행한 것으로도 관찰되었으며, 정보 수집을 목표로 하였습니다. 이 사이버 첩보 작전에서는 공격자들이 유사하게 악성 첨부 파일이 있는 피싱 이메일을 활용하며, 일부 경우에는 동일한 WinRAR 소프트웨어의 중요한 취약점을 악용하여 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 전달하였습니다.

적대자들이 활용한 공격 도구에는 유사한 점이 있지만, 연구자들은 최신 캠페인에서 그룹의 TTP가 변화를 보임을 관찰했습니다. 특히, LONEPAGE는 이전에 시스템 디렉토리 중 하나에 저장된 VBS 파일로 구현되었습니다. 2024년 12월에는 3DES로 암호화된 파일과 이 파일을 복호화하고 결과 PowerShell 코드를 메모리에서 실행하는 .NET 애플리케이션을 사용하여 설명된 기능이 실행되었습니다.

적대자들은 Cloudflare 서비스를 악용하여 인프라의 복원력을 유지하고 탐지를 피하기 위해 숨곤합니다. UAC-0099의 사이버 첩보 캠페인이 확장됨에 따라 변화하는 방법, 도구 및 목표와 결합되어 이 그룹의 적응력을 효과적으로 대응하기 위한 사이버 경계 강화의 필요성을 굳게 강조합니다. 활용하여 공동 사이버 방어를 위한 SOC Prime 플랫폼을 통해 조직은 데이터를 포기하지 않고도 보안 태세를 강화하여 모든 규모의 공격을 사전에 방어할 수 있습니다.

MITRE ATT&CK 맥락

MITRE ATT&CK을 활용하면 보안 팀이 우크라이나에 대한 사이버 첩보 캠페인에서 활용된 UAC-0099의 TTP에 대한 상세한 통찰력을 얻을 수 있으며, 가장 최근의 CERT-UA 보고서에 포함되어 있습니다. 아래 표를 참조하여 관련 ATT&CK 전술, 기술 및 하위 기술을 다루는 포괄적인 Sigma 규칙 세트를 확인하십시오.

Tactics	Techniques	Sigma Rule
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Execution from ZIP Archive [7zip] (via process_creation)
Initial Access	Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment (T1566.001)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
Execution	Scheduled Task/Job (T1053)	Schtasks Points to Suspicious Directory, Binary or Script (via cmdline)
	Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
	User Execution: Malicious Link (T1204.001)	Possible Malicious LNK File with Double Extension (via cmdline)
	User Execution: Malicious File (T1204.002)	Execution from ZIP Archive [7zip] (via process_creation)
	User Execution: Malicious File (T1204.002)	Execution from RAR Archive [WinRAR] (via process_creation)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell (T1059.001)	Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
		The Possibility of Execution Through Hidden PowerShell Command Lines (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Usage of Invoke-RestMethod (via powershell)
		Call Suspicious .NET Classes/Methods from Powershell CommandLine (via process_creation)
		Call Suspicious .NET Methods from Powershell (via powershell)
		Possible Base64 Encoded Malicious Stuff (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Powershell Strings (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Powershell Strings (via powershell)
	Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell (T1059.003)	Environment Variables in Command Line Arguments (via cmdline)
		Suspicious Powershell Strings (via cmdline)
Defense Evasion	Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027)	Possible Base64 Encoded Malicious Stuff (via cmdline)
	Obfuscated Files or Information (T1027)	Possible Powershell Obfuscation Indicators (via powershell)
	Obfuscated Files or Information: Command Obfuscation (T1027.010)	Possible Powershell Obfuscation Indicators (via cmdline)
	System Binary Proxy Execution (T1218)	Suspicious LOLBAS MSHTA Defense Evasion Behavior by Detection of Associated Commands (via process_creation)
	Hide Artifacts (T1564)	Suspicious Files in Public User Profile (via file_event)
	Hide Artifacts (T1564)	Suspicious Execution from Public User Profile (via process_creation)
	Hide Artifacts: Hidden Window (T1564.003)	The Possibility of Execution Through Hidden PowerShell Command Lines (via cmdline)
Command and Control	Ingress Tool Transfer (T1105)	Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
Exfiltration	Automated Exfiltration (T1020)	Download or Upload via Powershell (via cmdline)
Exfiltration	Automated Exfiltration (T1020)	Suspicious Usage of Invoke-RestMethod (via powershell)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

UAC-0099 공격 탐지: WinRAR 취약점과 LONEPAGE 악성코드를 이용한 우크라이나 정부 기관 대상 사이버 스파이 활동

CERT-UA#12463 경보에 포함된 UAC-0099 공격 탐지

UAC-0099 공격 분석

MITRE ATT&CK 맥락

목차

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