SquirrelWaffle 악성코드 탐지

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Alla Yurchenko

위협 현상금 프로그램 리드

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11월 03, 2021 · 3 분 읽기

왕좌는 결코 비지 않습니다! SquirrelWaffle을 만나보세요, 이 새로운 악성 로더는 악명 높은 Emotet을 대체하기 위해 도시에 등장했습니다. 2021년 가을 초부터 SquirrelWaffle은 적들이 Qakbot 및 Cobalt Strike와 같은 샘플을 포함한 2단계 페이로드를 배포할 수 있도록 스팸 캠페인을 통해 대량으로 호스트를 손상시키고 있습니다.

공격 킬 체인

SquirrelWaffle 은 2021년 9월 중순에 처음 발견된 스팸 도메인의 신입입니다. 이는 부비트랩이 설치된 Microsoft Office 문서에 의존한 악성 스팸의 도움으로 점점 더 밀려왔습니다.

에 따르면 분석 Cisco Talos가 수행한 SquirrelWaffle 공격 프레임워크의 결과, 적들은 이메일 스레드 하이재킹 기법을 사용하여 스팸을 기존 이메일 스레드에 대한 합법적인 답장처럼 가장했습니다. 이러한 전술은 Emotet의 신뢰성을 얻는 접근 방식을 모방하며 SquirrelWaffle 유지 관리자가 Emotet 의 명성을 노리고 있음을 입증합니다.

주목할 점은 대부분의 가짜 알림이 영어로 전달되지만 기본적인 현지화가 수행된다는 점입니다. 스팸은 원래 이메일 스레드에 맞게 언어를 즉시 변경합니다. 현재 연구원들은 프랑스어, 네덜란드어, 독일어 및 폴란드어가 주류인 영어 메시지 외에도 사용되는 것을 감지했습니다.

스팸에는 해커가 제어하는 서버에 위치한 악성 ZIP 보관 파일로 피해자를 리디렉션하는 링크가 포함되어 있습니다. 보관 파일에는 열리면 감염된 머신에 악성 소프트웨어를 드롭하는 Word 또는 Excel 파일이 포함되어 있습니다. 주목할 점은 적들이 피해자를 오도하고 매크로를 활성화하도록 설득하기 위해 DocuSign 서명 서비스를 활용한다는 것입니다. SquirrelWaffle이 사용자의 머신에 성공적으로 다운로드되면 Qakbot과 같은 두 번째 단계 악성 소프트웨어를 드롭합니다. Qakbot 악성 소프트웨어나 CobaltStrike 침투 테스트 도구입니다.

흔적을 남기지 않고 탐지를 피하기 위해 SquirrelWaffle은 주요 보안 업체들에 걸쳐 등록된 IP 차단 목록을 활용합니다. 또한, 새로운 로더와 커맨드 앤 컨트롤(C&C) 인프라 간의 모든 통신은 XOR 및 Base64로 암호화되어 HTTP POST 요청을 통해 전송됩니다. 마지막으로 캠페인의 파일 배포 부분에서 성공하기 위해, 공격자들은 주로 WordPress 5.8.1을 실행 중인 이전에 손상된 웹 서버에 의존합니다.

SquirrelWaffle 탐지 및 완화

SquirrelWaffle이 그 악의적인 노력을 가속화함에 따라 전 세계 기업들은 새로운 위협에 대한 방어를 강화해야 합니다. 인프라에 대한 공격 가능성을 탐지하기 위해, SOC Prime의 Detection as Code 플랫폼에서 사용할 수 있는 Sigma 규칙 세트를 다운로드할 수 있습니다.

CobaltStrike와 함께하는 SquirrelWaffle 로더 활동

SquirrelWaffle 악성 소프트웨어가 Cobalt Strike를 드롭합니다

SquirrelWaffle 행동 패턴 (cmdline 사용)

SquirrelWaffle이 악성 스팸 캠페인을 통해 피해자를 손상시킵니다

Qakbot 및 CobaltStrike와 함께하는 SquirrelWaffle 로더

Cobalt Strike가 포함된 새로운 SquirrelWaffle 악성 소프트웨어 (프록시 사용)

SquirrelWaffle 감염을 다루는 탐지 콘텐츠의 전체 목록은 여기. 에서 확인하실 수 있습니다. 모든 탐지 규칙은 MITRE ATT&CK 프레임워크에 매핑되고, 철저하게 큐레이션되고 검증됩니다.

세계 최초의 Detection as Code 플랫폼 에서 협력적인 사이버 방어, 위협 사냥 및 발견을 통해 위협 탐지 능력을 향상시키고 공격으로부터 더 쉽게, 빠르게, 효율적으로 방어하세요. Sigma 및 YARA 규칙을 직접 만들어 세상을 더 안전한 곳으로 만들고 싶으신가요? 가치를 제공하시면 반복적인 보상을 받는 Threat Bounty Program에 참여하세요!

플랫폼으로 이동 Threat Bounty 참여

이 기사가 도움이 되었나요?

동료들과 좋아요를 누르고 공유하세요.

SOC Prime의 Detection as Code 플랫폼에 가입하세요 귀하의 비즈니스와 가장 관련 있는 위협에 대한 가시성을 향상시키세요. 시작하고 즉각적인 가치를 창출하기 위해 지금 SOC Prime 전문가와의 미팅을 예약하세요.

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

SquirrelWaffle 악성코드 탐지

공격 킬 체인

SquirrelWaffle 탐지 및 완화

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SquirrelWaffle 악성코드 탐지

공격 킬 체인

SquirrelWaffle 탐지 및 완화

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