규칙 요약: CobaltStrike, APT10, 및 APT41

작성자

Eugene Tkachenko

커뮤니티 프로그램 리드

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7월 18, 2020 · 3 분 읽기

정기 구독을 여러분에게 소개하게 되어 기쁘게 생각합니다 규칙 다이제스트는 SOC 프라임 팀에서만 개발한 규칙으로 구성되어 있습니다. 이는 모두 APT 그룹들의 악성 활동을 찾아내는 데 도움을 주는 규칙들이므로 일종의 주제별 선택이라고 할 수 있으며, 이들 그룹은 중국 정부와 연계되어 있으며 사이버 스파이 캠페인에서 자주 사용되는 CobaltStrike 도구를 사용합니다.

하지만 규칙 다이제스트로 바로 이동하기 전에 Windows DNS 서버의 치명적인 취약점인 CVE-2020-1350 (별칭 SIGRed) 및 이의 악용을 탐지하기 위한 위협 헌팅 콘텐츠에 주의를 기울이고 싶습니다. 이에 대한 특별 규칙 다이제스트를 여기에서 읽을 수 있습니다: https://socprime.com/blog/threat-hunting-rules-to-detect-exploitation-of-cve-2020-1350-sigred/

Possible CobaltStrike PsExec 파일 이름(감사)을 통한 규칙은 CobaltStrike의 예측 가능한 의사 랜덤 서비스 명명 체계에 기반하여 CobaltStrike psexec 동작을 빠르게 식별할 수 있도록 보안 솔루션을 활성화합니다. CobaltStrike는 기본적으로 7개의 임의의 알파벳과 숫자가 결합된 실행 파일을 사용합니다(예: 28a3fe2.exe). CobaltStrike는 APT41 그룹이 자주 사용하지만, 다른 여러 위협 행위자들도 이 도구를 사용하므로 커뮤니티 규칙은 거의 모든 조직에서 유용합니다: https://tdm.socprime.com/tdm/info/1aX2L06wVHuN/W6usTnMBQAH5UgbBwjB2/?p=1

다음 다이제스트를 일주일 내에 기다려 주세요.

안전하세요!

다음 두 규칙은 APT41 그룹의 활동을 감지하기 위한 것입니다. 이 그룹은 다수의 멀웨어 군을 활용해 이 환경에 접근을 유지하며, 관찰된 캠페인에서 Mimikatz가 실패했을 때 ACEHASH 도구를 사용했습니다. ACEHASH는 Mimikatz, hashdump, Windows Credential Editor와 같은 다수의 기능들을 결합한 자격 증명 탈취 및 비밀번호 덤핑 유틸리티입니다. Possible APT41 ACEHASH 사용(명령줄) 규칙은 이전 ACEHASH 사용 사례를 암호화된 모듈로 매칭합니다: https://tdm.socprime.com/tdm/info/TZrew9P8Lrpe/XNKzTXMBPeJ4_8xc3wK_/?p=1

APT41은 환경 내에서 수평 이동하기 위해 공개적으로 사용이 가능한 유틸리티인 WMIEXEC를 자주 사용합니다. WMIEXEC는 원격 기계에서 WMI 명령을 실행할 수 있게 해 주는 도구입니다. Possible APT41 WMIEXEC 사용(명령줄)을 통해 이 행위자가 사용한 impacket의 WMIEXEC 수정 버전을 탐지합니다: https://tdm.socprime.com/tdm/info/V9r85CwVjAA8/f6eyTXMBSh4W_EKGPmgA/?p=1

그리고 마지막 두 규칙은 다른 중국 그룹 APT10 (별칭 menuPass)의 조직 네트워크 내 활동을 감지하는 데 도움을 줍니다. APT10은 2009년부터 활동해 온 중국 사이버 스파이 그룹입니다. 그들은 건설 및 엔지니어링, 항공우주 및 통신 업체, 미주, 유럽 및 일본 정부를 목표로 삼아왔습니다.

이전 캠페인에서는 공격자들이 악성 매크로를 사용해 TXT 파일을 드롭한 후, 동일한 매크로가 Windows certutil.exe를 사용하여 드롭된 파일을 디코딩하고 해당 파일의 확장자를 가진 사본을 만들기 위해 확장 가능한 스토리지 엔진 유틸리티(esentutil.exe)를 사용했습니다. Possible menuPass TTP .TXT의 비정상적인 디렉토리 기반(명령줄) 규칙은 그러한 활동을 발견하여 공격을 중지할 수 있습니다: https://tdm.socprime.com/tdm/info/8hpD13wdmRiS/zqqwTXMBQAH5UgbBJ5TR/?p=1

그리고 오늘의 마지막 규칙은 메뉴패스 행위자가 RDP를 프록시하기 위해 proxyconnect 도구를 사용할 때 이를 탐지하는 데 도움이 됩니다. 가능한 menuPass 해킹도구 proxyconnect(명령줄) 규칙은 여기에서 확인할 수 있습니다: https://tdm.socprime.com/tdm/info/lIbFaxM8Lwsc/paqxTXMBQAH5UgbBL5Vi/?p=1

규칙의 번역은 다음 플랫폼을 지원합니다:

SIEM: Azure Sentinel, ArcSight, QRadar, Splunk, Graylog, Sumo Logic, ELK 스택, RSA NetWitness, LogPoint, Humio

EDR: Microsoft Defender ATP, Carbon Black, Elastic Endpoint

MITRE ATT&CK:

전술: 실행, 자격증명 액세스, 수집

기술: 서비스 실행 (T1569), 자격증명 덤핑 (T1003), PowerShell (T1086), 데이터 배치 (T1074)

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

규칙 요약: CobaltStrike, APT10, 및 APT41

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