MITRE Caldera의 CVE-2025–27364: 링커 플래그 조작을 통한 새로운 최고 심각도 원격 코드 실행 취약점의 악용이 시스템 전체 손상으로 이어질 수 있음

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Veronika Telychko

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2월 25, 2025 · 3 분 읽기

MITRE Caldera의 CVE-2025–27364: 링커 플래그 조작을 통한 새로운 최고 심각도 원격 코드 실행 취약점의 악용이 시스템 전체 손상으로 이어질 수 있음

최신 높은 심각도의 RCE 취약점(CVE-2025-27364)이 MITRE Caldera에서 시스템 손상의 심각한 위험을 초래합니다. 이 결함은 다른 Parallels Desktop 보안 문제인 CVE-2024-34331과 결합되어 위협의 위험을 두 배로 늘릴 수 있습니다. 악용될 경우 이 보안 문제는 해커에게 전체 시스템 제어 권한을 제공하여 무단 접근, 데이터 유출, 영향을 받은 네트워크 내에서의 추가적인 수평 이동을 초래할 수 있습니다.

악용된 CVE의 급증과 함께, 사전적 위협 탐지의 필요성은 그 어느 때보다 시급해졌습니다. 2025년이 시작되면서 NIST NVD에 이미 6,480개의 새로운 보안 문제가 기록되었으며 그 중 많은 것들이 실제 공격에서 활용된 바 있습니다. 사이버 위협이 진화함에 따라 전 세계의 보안팀은 어리 가능성의 시도를 앞서가고 효과적으로 위험을 완화하기 위해 조기 탐지 전략을 우선시해야 합니다.

SOC Prime 플랫폼은 전 세계적인 활성 위협 피드, 실시간 CTI, 정교하게 마련된 탐지 알고리즘을 통해 궁극적으로 공통 방어를 위한 보안 팀을 지원하여 악용된 CVE를 조기에 탐지하고 완화할 수 있도록 합니다. 플랫폼 등록 하여 고급 위협 탐지 및 사냥을 위한 완전한 제품군에 지원되는 광범위한 Sigma 규칙 라이브러리에 접근하세요. 또한, “CVE” 태그로 필터링된 우리의 규칙 라이브러리를 확인하려면 탐지 탐색 를 클릭하여 비즈니스에 도전을 줄 수 있는 모든 위협을 놓치지 마세요, 탐지가 매일 추가됩니다.

탐지 탐색

모든 규칙은 여러 보안 분석 솔루션에서 사용 가능하며 MITRE ATT&CK 프레임워크 에 매핑되어 연구를 쉽게 합니다. 추가적으로, 탐지는 CTI 참조, 공격 타임라인, 분류 추천 등

CVE-2025-27364 분석

수비자들은 최근 MITRE Caldera 버전 4.2.0 및 5.0.0(커밋 35bc06e 이전)까지의 새로운 RCE 결함을 밝혀냈으며 이는 CVE-2025-27364 로 추적됩니다 (CVSS 10.0). 이 결함은 서버의 동적 에이전트(이식물) 컴파일 기능에 영향을 미칩니다. 이 최고 심각도의 결함은 공격자가 악용하기 위해 인증을 필요로 하지 않아 특히 위험합니다. 해커는 영향을 받은 API를 이용하여 컴파일 과정에 악성 코드를 삽입하여 무단 Sandcat 또는 Manx 에이전트를 설치할 수 있습니다. 적대자는 gcc -extldflags 링커 플래그를 보조 명령어와 함께 악용하여 이 결함을 무기화할 수 있습니다. Caldera가 침투 테스트 및 적대자 모방에서의 광범위한 역할로 인해 이 보안 결함은 레드 팀 및 보안 자동화를 위해 플랫폼에 의존하는 기업에 중대한 위험을 초래합니다.

CVE-2025-27364 PoC의 릴리스는 실제 악용의 위험을 상당히 증가시킵니다. 특정 curl 명령을 실행하면 이 결함의 악용이 쉬워집니다. 성공적인 공격은 루트 접근을 해적에게 제공하는 Python 스크립트를 실행하는 리버스 쉘을 시작합니다.

특히, CVE-2025-27364는 macOS 시스템에서 로컬 권한 상승을 초래할 수 있는 Parallels Desktop의 오래된 미해결 보안 문제인 CVE-2024-34331과 함께 공격 체인에서 활용될 수 있습니다. 둘 다 악용될 경우, 이 약점들은 해커가 타겟 시스템의 전체 제어를 획득하여 무단 접근, 데이터 유출 및 네트워크 손상을 초래할 수 있습니다.

CVE-2025-27364 악용 위험을 적시에 해결하기 위해 수호자는 최신 픽스 버전으로 즉시 업데이트 하고, Master 브랜치 또는 5.1.0 이상의 버전을 가져오라고 추천합니다. 추가적으로, CVE-2025-27364 악용에 취약할 수 있는 네트워크를 보호하기 위해서는 사용자는 네트워크 세분화와 엄격한 제어를 통해 Caldera의 API 접근을 제한하고 비정상적인 에이전트 컴파일 또는 API 활동을 끊임없이 추적하여 위협을 사전에 탐지해야 합니다. SOC Prime 플랫폼 은 공통 사이버 방어를 통해 그들의 세련도에 상관없이 사이버 위협보다 앞서 나갈 수 있도록 AI, 실행 가능한 위협 인텔리전스로 강화된 완전한 제품군에 의존하여 차세대 SOC 전략을 원활하게 채택하도록 조직을 지원합니다.

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PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
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sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
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_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
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wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
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Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
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Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
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khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.

MITRE Caldera의 CVE-2025–27364: 링커 플래그 조작을 통한 새로운 최고 심각도 원격 코드 실행 취약점의 악용이 시스템 전체 손상으로 이어질 수 있음

CVE-2025-27364 분석

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