SOC Prime

FunkLocker 랜섬웨어 탐지: FunkSec, AI 활용해 미국·유럽·아시아 공격

Posted on 02.10.202502.10.2025 by Daryna Olyniychuk

중요 비즈니스 시스템을 대상으로 한 AI 기반 공격의 증가는 사이버 위협에서 새로운 경고 국면을 의미합니다. 공격자들은 지속적으로 AI를 악용할 방법을 모색하며 진화하는 반면, 사이버보안의 미래는 AI가 다른 신기술과 얼마나 원활하게 결합되는지에 크게 달려 있습니다. 최근 사이버보안 전문가들은 FunkSec 운영자들이 사용하는 FunkLocker라는 새로운 AI 기반 랜섬웨어 변종을 발견했습니다. 이 랜섬웨어는 이중 갈취(double extortion) 기법을 활용하며 이미 […]

UAC-0245 공격 탐지: CABINETRAT 백도어를 활용한 우크라이나 대상 표적 공격

Posted on 01.10.202502.10.2025 by Daryna Olyniychuk

2025년 9월, CERT‑UA 팀은 우크라이나 장교 연합(Ukrainian Officers Union) 구성원을 표적으로 삼은 일련의 표적형 사이버 공격을 밝혀냈습니다. 공격자는 Signal을 통해 공유된 Excel XLL 애드인으로 CABINETRAT 백도어를 유포하여 민감한 정보를 유출하고 손상된 시스템에 장기적인 접근을 유지했습니다. 기존에 관찰된 XLL 파일 사용 사례(예: 우크라이나 중요 인프라에 대한 Sandworm, APT44의 UAC-0002)를 제외하고 전술·기법·절차의 참신성이 높아 본 활동에는 별도 […]

컨플루언트 시그마: 탐지 엔지니어를 위한 오픈 소스 솔루션 가이드

Posted on 01.10.202502.10.2025 by Daryna Olyniychuk

보안 팀은 복잡한 데이터 환경에서 위협을 탐지하기 위해 더 빠르고 유연한 방법이 필요합니다. 대량의 데이터 스트림은 여러 도구에 걸쳐 운영이 분산될 때 탐지를 어렵게 하며, 사건 대응의 민첩성이 제한되고 대용량 데이터 세트를 관리하는 데 비용이 많이 듭니다. Confluent Sigma는 탐지 로직을 SIEM에서 스트림 처리 계층으로 이동시켜 Shift-Left 위협 탐지 전략을 가능하게 함으로써 이러한 과제를 해결합니다. […]

CVE-2025-41244 취약점: 권한 상승 위해 VMware Tools 및 Aria 제로데이 공격

Posted on 30.09.202530.09.2025 by Veronika Telychko

CVE-2025-20352라는, 실제 환경에서 활발히 악용되는 심각한 Cisco IOS 및 IOS XE 결함에 이어, 사이버 위협 지형은 또 다른 제로데이에 의해 다시 흔들리고 있습니다. CVE-2025-41244로 추적되는 이 새로 무기화된 취약점은 VMware Tools 및 VMware Aria Operations에 영향을 미치며, 로컬 권한 상승을 허용하고, 권한이 없는 사용자가 영향을 받은 시스템에서 root 권한으로 코드를 실행할 수 있도록 합니다. 2025년 […]

BRICKSTORM 악성코드 탐지: UNC5221과 관련된 중국 지원 행위자, 미국 법률 및 기술 부문 표적

Posted on 26.09.202529.09.2025 by Veronika Telychko

중국 연계 사이버 첩보 작전이 급속도로 증가하고 있으며, 국가 후원의 활동이 150% 증가하고 금융, 미디어, 제조 및 산업 부문을 대상으로 한 공격이 최대 300% 증가하고 있다고 CrowdStrike의 2025 글로벌 위협 보고서에 따르면, 최근 방어자들은 법률 및 기술 회사 등 여러 부문에 걸쳐 미국 조직에서 장기 지속성을 유지하기 위해 사용하는 BRICKSTORM 백도어를 확인했습니다. 이 캠페인은 APT […]

CVE-2025-20352 취약점: 실제 공격에 악용 중인 Cisco IOS 및 IOS XE의 치명적 제로데이

Posted on 25.09.202525.09.2025 by Daryna Olyniychuk

이번 여름 Cisco ISE와 SE-PIC에서 발견된 두 가지 치명적인 RCE 취약점, CVE-2025-20281 및 CVE-2025-20282 공개 이후, 사이버 위협 환경에서 새로운 Cisco 보안 취약점이 나타났습니다. 공급업체는 최근 IOS 및 IOS XE 소프트웨어의 치명적인 제로데이 취약점을 패치하기 위한 보안 업데이트를 배포했으며, 이는 현재 공격자에 의해 실제로 악용되고 있으며 특정 상황에서 원격 코드 실행(RCE)이나 서비스 거부(DoS) 공격을 유발할 […]

CISA 경고 AA25-266A: 패치되지 않은 GeoServer(CVE-2024-36401)을 통한 미국 연방 기관 침해 관련 악성 활동 탐지

Posted on 24.09.202524.09.2025 by Veronika Telychko

2025년 사이버 보안 위험이 증가하고 있으며, 데이터에 따르면 취약점과 활성화된 공격, 주요 침해 사례가 급증하고 있습니다. 최근 CISA는 공격자가 CVE-2024-36401에 영향을 받는 패치되지 않은 GeoServer 인스턴스를 악용하여 미국 연방 기관을 침해했다고 보고했습니다. 이는 2024년 6월에 패치된 중요한 원격 코드 실행(RCE) 취약점입니다. 하지만 수천 대의 서버는 여전히 노출되어 있으며, 공격은 7월 초부터 발견되었습니다. CISA AA25-266A 경고에서 […]

CVE-2025-41248 & CVE-2025-41249: Spring Framework 및 Spring Security 취약점으로 인한 권한 우회 및 민감 데이터 노출

Posted on 18.09.202518.09.2025 by Daryna Olyniychuk

Spring Framework는 확장 가능한 엔터프라이즈 애플리케이션 구축에 널리 사용되는 경량 Java 프레임워크입니다. 보통 Spring Security와 함께 사용되어 권한 부여 및 메서드 수준 접근 제어를 적용합니다. 많은 엔터프라이즈 시스템이 Spring에 의존하기 때문에, 프레임워크에 영향을 미치는 보안 문제는 광범위한 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 이는 Spring4Shell (CVE-2022-22965) 사례에서 잘 드러납니다. 해당 취약점은 치명적인 원격 코드 실행 문제로, 패치되지 […]

CVE-2025-10585: 실제 공격에 악용된 Chrome V8 JavaScript 및 WebAssembly 엔진의 새로운 제로데이 취약점

Posted on 18.09.202518.09.2025 by Veronika Telychko

CVE-2025-7775의 발견 이후, Citrix NetScaler에서 이미 적극적으로 악용되고 있는 치명적인 RCE 취약점과 함께, 실제 공격에서 활발히 활용되는 또 다른 제로데이 결함이 사이버 위협 영역에서 등장했습니다. CVE-2025-10585로 추적되는 이 문제는 Chrome의 V8 JavaScript 및 WebAssembly 엔진에서 발생하는 고심각도 타입 혼동(type confusion) 취약점으로, 공격자가 조작된 JavaScript가 포함된 손상된 사이트로 사용자를 유도하여 피해자의 시스템에서 악성 코드를 실행할 수 […]

마라냥 스틸러 탐지: Node.js 기반 정보 탈취 악성코드, Reflective DLL Injection 적용

Posted on 16.09.202516.09.2025 by Veronika Telychko

정보 탈취 악성코드는 사이버 위협 환경에서 급속히 증가하고 있습니다. ESET 보고서에 따르면 SnakeStealer는 2025년 상반기에 활동이 거의 두 배로 증가하여 가장 많이 탐지된 인포스틸러가 되었으며, 전체 인포스틸러 탐지의 약 20%를 차지했습니다. 한편, Maranhão Stealer라는 새로운 캠페인이 등장했으며, 클라우드 서비스에 호스팅된 악성 불법 소프트웨어를 통해 게이머를 표적으로 삼고 있습니다. 이 캠페인은 사회 공학과 고급 회피 기법을 […]

Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
ss	These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality .

Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.