CVE-2025-20337: Actionable Report for SOC Teams
Detection stack
- AIDR
- Alert
- ETL
- Query
分析
Amazon の脅威インテリジェンステームは、高度な脅威アクターが 2 つのゼロデイの脆弱性―Cisco Identity Services Engine の CVE‑2025‑20337 と Citrix NetScaler ADC の CVE‑2025‑5777 を活用しているのを特定しました。これにより、Cisco ISE アプライアンスを狙ったカスタムインメモリー Java ウェブシェルが展開されました。
調査
この活動は Amazon の MadPot ハニーポットネットワークによって最初にフラグが立ちました。アナリストは、CVE‑2025‑5777 と CVE‑2025‑20337 に対するエクスプロイト試行を観察し、その後、IdentityAuditAction と名付けられたカスタムバックドアの配信を観察しました。このウェブシェルは完全にメモリー内で動作し、Java リフレクションを使用し、Tomcat サーバーにリスナーを登録し、DES と非標準の Base64 エンコーディングを使ってトラフィックを暗号化します。Amazon は、このキャンペーンをゼロデイ機能とエンタープライズ Java およびネットワークエッジデバイスに関する知識を持つ高リソース アクターによるものとしています。
緩和策
CVE‑2025‑20337 (Cisco) および CVE‑2025‑5777 (Citrix) のベンダーがリリースしたパッチを直ちに適用してください。管理インターフェースへのネットワークアクセスをファイアウォール、VLAN セグメンテーション、およびゼロトラスト コントロールを使用して制限します。予期しない Java プロセス、Tomcat の変更、および異常な HTTP トラフィックを監視するためのホストベースの侵入検知を配備します。管理アカウントに多要素認証を有効にし、特権アクセスを定期的に監査します。
対応
脆弱な Cisco ISE および Citrix NetScaler デバイスのパッチを当て、被害を受けたシステムを隔離し、カスタムウェブシェルを削除します。ログとメモリダンプのフォレンジック分析を行い、侵害の指標を特定します。SIEM と IDS/IPS の検出ルールをエクスプロイトペイロードとウェブシェルのシグニチャに更新します。関連する利害関係者に通知し、必要であれば、適切な当局にインシデントを報告します。
graph TB %% Class definitions classDef technique fill:#ffcc99 classDef action fill:#99ccff classDef malware fill:#ccffcc classDef builtin fill:#cccccc %% Vulnerabilities vuln_cisco[“<b>脆弱性</b>: CVE‑2025‑20337 (Cisco ISE)”] class vuln_cisco builtin vuln_citrix[“<b>脆弱性</b>: CVE‑2025‑5777 (Citrix NetScaler)”] class vuln_citrix builtin %% Exploitation for Defense Evasion tech_exploit[“<b>Technique</b> – <b>T1211 防御回避のための脆弱性悪用</b><br/><b>Description</b>: 攻撃者は CVE‑2025‑20337 と CVE‑2025‑5777 を悪用し、管理インターフェイスで認証なしリモートコード実行を達成する。”] class tech_exploit technique %% Remote code execution action_rce[“<b>Action</b> – リモートコード実行<br/><b>Result</b>: 攻撃者が管理インターフェイスでコード実行を得る。”] class action_rce action %% Web shell deployment malware_webshell[“<b>Malware</b> – Web Shell 「IdentityAuditAction」<br/><b>Location</b>: Tomcat サーバ内に展開され、永続的なアクセスを提供する。”] class malware_webshell malware %% Obfuscated Files or Information tech_obfuscate[“<b>Technique</b> – <b>T1027 難読化ファイルまたは情報</b><br/><b>Description</b>: カスタム Web Shell は DES で通信を暗号化し、非標準 Base64 エンコードを使用して検知を回避する。”] class tech_obfuscate technique %% Hide Artifacts tech_hide[“<b>Technique</b> – <b>T1564 アーティファクトの隠蔽</b><br/><b>Description</b>: インメモリ実行と Java リフレクション注入により、ファイルをディスクに書き込まずにシェルを実行可能。”] class tech_hide technique %% Server Software Component: Web Shell tech_webshell[“<b>Technique</b> – <b>T1505.003 サーバソフトウェアコンポーネント: Web Shell</b><br/><b>Description</b>: Web Shell は Tomcat 内で永続化され、継続的な C2 を提供する。”] class tech_webshell technique %% Command and Control actions action_c2[“<b>Action</b> – コマンド&コントロール<br/><b>Function</b>: 永続的な C2 チャンネルを提供し、すべての HTTP リクエストを監視する。”] class action_c2 action %% Connections vuln_cisco –>|有効化| tech_exploit vuln_citrix –>|有効化| tech_exploit tech_exploit –>|続く| action_rce action_rce –>|展開| malware_webshell malware_webshell –>|使用| tech_obfuscate malware_webshell –>|使用| tech_hide malware_webshell –>|提供| action_c2 malware_webshell –>|インスタンス| tech_webshell
攻撃フロー
ペイロード シミュレーション
シミュレーション実行
前提条件: テレメトリー & ベースライン プレフライトチェックが合格していること。
-
攻撃ナラティブとコマンド:
初期アクセス:攻撃者が Cisco ISE ウェブインターフェース上の認証されていないファイルアップロードエンドポイントを発見。 - ウェブシェルの展開:使用
curlにより、攻撃者はwebshell.jarをiseComponent.jarと偽装してアップロードします。JAR には悪意のあるサーブレットが含まれており、呼び出すと、リフレクションを通じて任意の Java コードを実行します (java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke). - 難読化:サーブレット内のペイロードは DES で暗号化され、カスタム Base64 変種でエンコードして、単純なパターンマッチングを回避します。
-
実行トリガー:攻撃者は偽造された HTTP リクエストを送り、ISE プロセスにサーブレットを起動させ、次のようなコマンドラインを実行します:
java -cp /opt/cisco/ise/webapps/iseComponent.jar -Dpayload=DES:U2FsdGVkX1+... Base64:QmFzZTY0RW5jb2RlZURhdGE=Copy - ログ記録:Cisco ISE は
IdentityAuditActionイベントをフルコマンドラインで記録し、検出ルール条件を満足します。 -
リグレッションテストスクリプト:
#!/usr/bin/env bash set -euo pipefail # Variables ISE_HOST="https://ise.example.com" UPLOAD_ENDPOINT="${ISE_HOST}/admin/uploadComponent" SHELL_JAR="webshell.jar" MALICIOUS_PAYLOAD="U2FsdGVkX1+..." # DES 暗号化、カスタム Base64 CUSTOM_B64="QmFzZTY0RW5jb2RlZURhdGE="
SOCプライムのDetection as Codeプラットフォームに参加してください ビジネスに最も関連する脅威の可視性を向上させるために。開始をお手伝いし、即時の価値を提供するために、今すぐSOCプライムの専門家とミーティングを予約してください。
Cookie Settings
You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| PHPSESSID | Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages. |
| sp_i | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
| sp_r | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
| sp_a | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| tuuid | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| tuuid_last_update | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| um | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| umeh | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| na_sc_x | Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site. |
| APID | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website. |
| IDSYNC | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website. |
| _cc_aud | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_cc | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_dc | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_id | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| dpm | Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
| acs | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
| clid | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
| KRTBCOOKIE_# | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| PUBMDCID | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| PugT | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| ssi | Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads. |
| _tmid | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips. |
| wam-sync | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| wui | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| AFFICHE_W | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| B | Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor. |
| 1P_JAR | These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates. |
| APISID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| HSID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| NID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SAPISID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SIDCC | Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access. |
| SSID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| __utmx | This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website. |
| __utmxx | This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website. |
If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| _hjid | Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID. |
| _hjIncludedInSample | This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample. |
| intercom-id-[xxx] | This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site. |
| intercom-session-[xxx] | Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations. |
| demdex | Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
| CookieConsent | Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. |
| __cfduid | Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic. |
| ss | These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality . |
They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| _ga | This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners. |
| _gat | Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes. |
| _gid | This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. |
| IDE | Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. |
| r/collect | Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. |
| test_cookie | Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies. |
| collect | Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels. |
| ads/user-lists/# | These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. |
| c | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| khaos | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| put_# | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| rpb | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| rpx | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| tap.php | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |