Visualizing clfs.sys Threat Activity in Microsoft Defender with Uncoder AI’s Decision Tree

[post-views]
May 01, 2025 · 5 min read
Visualizing clfs.sys Threat Activity in Microsoft Defender with Uncoder AI’s Decision Tree

Loading legitimate system drivers from illegitimate or suspicious directories is a known tactic for persistence, evasion, or execution by adversaries. One high-value target in this category is clfs.sys — a legitimate Windows driver tied to the Common Log File System.

To detect this activity, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint supports advanced KQL-based detection logic. But to truly operationalize these queries, analysts need visibility into how they work. That’s exactly what Uncoder AI’s AI-generated Decision Tree delivers.

Explore Uncoder AI

Use Case: clfs.sys Loaded From User or Temp Paths

This query identifies when clfs.sys is loaded from non-standard or user-controlled directories, which may include:

  • \Users\Public\

  • \Temporary Internet\

  • \Windows\Temp\

  • Subfolders under \Users\ such as \Pictures\ , \Contacts\ , or \Favourites\

These paths are rarely expected to host or initiate the loading of system-level drivers, making such activity highly suspicious.

Input we used (click to show the text)

DeviceImageLoadEvents | where (FolderPath endswith @'\clfs.sys' and ((InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @':\Perflogs\' or InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @':\Users\Public\' or InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @'\Temporary Internet' or InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @'\Windows\Temp\') or (InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @':\Users\' and InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @'\Favorites\') or (InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @':\Users\' and InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @'\Favourites\') or (InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @':\Users\' and InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @'\Contacts\') or (InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @':\Users\' and InitiatingProcessFolderPath contains @'\Pictures\')))

Uncoder AI automatically transforms this detection logic into a human-readable decision tree structure, showing:

  1. Query Scope:
    It filters from DeviceImageLoadEvents where the folder path ends with clfs.sys.

  2. Folder Path Conditions:
    The decision tree checks whether the initiating process’s folder path contains any unusual user or temporary storage locations.

  3. Branching Conditions:
    Sub-branches clarify which paths are considered:

    • Generic temp or cache folders

    • User-specific locations that imply personal data access

    • Combined conditions like \Users\ + \Favourites\ or \Pictures\

Outcome:
If any one of these conditions is met, the event is marked as relevant—flagging a potential misuse of clfs.sys from suspicious origin paths.

AI Output (click to show the text)

The Microsoft Defender for Endpoint Query you've provided is designed to filter `DeviceImageLoadEvents` based on specific conditions related to the loading of a particular system file (`clfs.sys`) and the paths from which the initiating processes are launched. Here's a breakdown of the decision tree involved in the condition part of this query:
1. **Initial Condition**: The query starts by looking at all `DeviceImageLoadEvents` where the `FolderPath` ends with `\clfs.sys`. This means it's specifically interested in events involving the loading of the `clfs.sys` file, which is a system file related to the Common Log File System (CLFS) used by Windows.
2. **Main Conditional Branch**:
   - The query then applies an OR condition to filter these events based on the `InitiatingProcessFolderPath`. This means it checks if any of the following conditions are true for the folder path of the process that initiated the loading of `clfs.sys`.
3. **Sub-Conditions for Initiating Process Folder Path**:
   - The first set of sub-conditions checks if the `InitiatingProcessFolderPath` contains specific directories that could indicate potentially malicious or unauthorized activity, such as:
     - `:\Perflogs\`
     - `:\Users\Public\`
     - `\Temporary Internet`
     - `\Windows\Temp\`
   - These paths are often associated with temporary files, public user data, internet cache, and system temporary files, respectively. Loading system files like `clfs.sys` from these contexts could be unusual or indicative of malicious activity.
   - The next set of sub-conditions checks if the `InitiatingProcessFolderPath` contains specific user directories that might indicate unauthorized access to personal data:
     - `:\Users\` combined with any of the following: `\Favorites\`, `\Favourites\`, `\Contacts\`, or `\Pictures\`.
   - These conditions aim to identify scenarios where a process, potentially malicious, is accessing sensitive user data locations while loading system files.
4. **Decision Outcome**:
   - If any of these sub-conditions are met (i.e., if the `InitiatingProcessFolderPath` matches any of the specified patterns), then the event is included in the query results.
   - Essentially, the query is looking for instances where the loading of `clfs.sys` might be associated with potentially suspicious or unauthorized activity based on the initiating process's location.
In summary, this Microsoft Defender for Endpoint Query uses a detailed decision tree to identify and flag `DeviceImageLoadEvents` involving the `clfs.sys` file loaded from specific folder paths that could indicate malicious or unusual system activity.

Why This Matters

  • Elevated Context: Analysts no longer need to decipher layered OR conditions to understand risk coverage.
  • Faster Triage: You can see in seconds whether the rule catches temp path misuse, user folder abuse, or both.
  • Audit-Ready Logic: The tree-style breakdown supports easier documentation and SOC training efforts.

Ultimately, loading clfs.sys from outside its expected system directories may represent driver abuse, living-off-the-land tactics, or malware masquerading as legitimate processes.

From Folder Flags to Threat Defense

Uncoder AI’s Decision Tree takes verbose KQL and turns it into an intuitive, SOC-friendly format. Whether you’re tuning this rule, hunting for anomalies, or explaining detection logic to leadership—this feature makes it actionable.

Explore Uncoder AI

Table of Contents

Was this article helpful?

Like and share it with your peers.
Join SOC Prime's Detection as Code platform to improve visibility into threats most relevant to your business. To help you get started and drive immediate value, book a meeting now with SOC Prime experts.

Related Posts