HardBit 4.0: Ransomware-Analyse und Hauptergebnisse

Ruslan Mikhalov Chief of Threat Research at SOC Prime

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HardBit 4.0: Ransomware-Analyse und Hauptergebnisse

Detection stack

AIDR
Alert
ETL
Query

Bedrohungsbericht
Angriffsablauf
Erkennungen
Simulationen

Zusammenfassung

HardBit 4.0 ist eine Ransomware-Variante, die den Neshta-Dateivirus als Dropper nutzt und sowohl in CLI- als auch GUI-Builds geliefert wird. Im Gegensatz zu vielen modernen Gruppen ist sie nicht an ein Doppel-Erpressungs-Leak-Portal gebunden und kann eine optionale ‚Wiper‘-Funktion enthalten, die darauf ausgelegt ist, Daten irreversibel zu beschädigen. Die Ausführung wird durch eine Laufzeit-Autorisierungs-ID und einen Verschlüsselungsschlüssel gesteuert, was effektiv eine Passphrasen-Steuerung vor Beginn der Verschlüsselung einfügt.

Untersuchung

Die Bewertung legt nahe, dass der anfängliche Zugriff häufig durch Brute-Force-RDP-Aktivität mithilfe des NLBrute-Tools erfolgt, gefolgt vom Ernten von Anmeldeinformationen über Mimikatz. Die seitliche Bewegung erfolgt dann über RDP mit den gestohlenen Anmeldeinformationen, unterstützt durch Discovery- und Scanning-Utilities wie KPortScan 3.0 und Advanced Port Scanner. Neshta wird verwendet, um die Ransomware im %TEMP%-Verzeichnis abzulegen und durch Ändern der Registrierung beizubehalten, sodass die Malware immer dann aufgerufen wird, wenn eine .exe-Datei gestartet wird.

Eindämmung

Verlagen Sie starke, eindeutige Passwörter für RDP-fähige Konten und reduzieren Sie die externe RDP-Exposition, wo immer möglich. Beobachten Sie Registrierungsänderungen, die mit der Manipulation von Windows Defender verbunden sind, und dem svchost.com Persistenzmechanismus. Implementieren Sie Anwendungs-Whitelisting und Verhaltenskontrollen, um den unbefugten Gebrauch von Mimikatz und Netzwerkscanner-Tools zu erkennen oder zu blockieren.

Reaktion

Wenn verdächtige Aktivitäten festgestellt werden, isolieren Sie den Host, erfassen flüchtige Beweise und stoppen Sie den Ransomware-Prozess. Stellen Sie betroffene Daten nur aus vertrauenswürdigen Sicherungen wieder her, nachdem sichergestellt wurde, dass der Bedrohungsakteur vollständig entfernt wurde. Führen Sie eine vollständige forensische Validierung durch, indem Sie Registry-Modifikationen, geplante Aufgaben und alle Credential-Dump-Artefakte überprüfen.

„graph TB %% Klassendefinitionen classDef action fill:#99ccff classDef tool fill:#ffcc99 classDef malware fill:#ff9999 classDef process fill:#ccffcc classDef operator fill:#ff9900 %% Technik-Knoten tech_bruteforce[„Technik – T1110 Brute Force Versucht, Passwörter durch wiederholtes Ausprobieren von Anmeldedaten zu erraten.“] class tech_bruteforce action tech_exploit_remote[„Technik – T1210 Ausnutzung von Remote-Diensten Verwendet gültige Anmeldedaten, um auf Systeme über RDP oder SMB zuzugreifen.“] class tech_exploit_remote action tech_cred_dump[„Technik – T1003 Betriebssystem-Anmeldeinformationen-Dumping Extrahiert Anmeldedaten aus dem Speicher oder der Registrierung.“] class tech_cred_dump action tech_discovery[„Technik – T1018 Remote-Systemerkennung Zählt Hosts, Freigaben und offene Ports auf.“] class tech_discovery action tech_rdp_lateral[„Technik – T1021.001 Remote-Dienste: RDP Richtet RDP-Sitzungen für die seitliche Bewegung ein.“] class tech_rdp_lateral action tech_powershell[„Technik – T1059.001 PowerShell Führt PowerShell-Befehle aus, um Defender-Einstellungen zu ändern.“] class tech_powershell action tech_obfuscation[„Technik – T1027 Verschleierte Dateien oder Informationen Ransomware-Binärdatei ist mit ConfuserEx .NET-obfuskatiert.“] class tech_obfuscation action tech_proxy_exec[„Technik – T1218 System-Binär-Proxy-Execution Verwendet ShellExecuteA, um Nutzlast vom Dropper zu starten.“] class tech_proxy_exec action tech_persistence[„Technik – T1547.014 Boot- oder Anmeldestart-Ausführung: Aktive Einrichtung Ändert HKLM-Registrierung für Persistenz.“] class tech_persistence action tech_event_trigger[„Technik – T1546.002 Ereignisausgelöste Ausführung: Bildschirmschoner Führt Dropper aus, wenn der Bildschirmschoner aktiviert ist.“] class tech_event_trigger action tech_encryption[„Technik – T1486 Daten verschlüsselt für Wirkung Verschlüsselt Dateien und zeigt Lösegeldforderung an.“] class tech_encryption action tech_inhibit_recovery[„Technik – T1490 Systemwiederherstellung behindern Löscht Schattenkopien und deaktiviert Sicherungsdienste.“] class tech_inhibit_recovery action tech_service_stop[„Technik – T1489 Dienst stoppen Stoppt Sicherheits- und Sicherungsdienste.“] class tech_service_stop action tech_disk_wipe[„Technik – T1561 Festplatte löschen Stoppt Dienste und kann Wiper-Modus aktivieren, um Daten zu zerstören.“] class tech_disk_wipe action %% Werkzeug-Knoten tool_nlbrute[„Werkzeug – Name: NLBrute Beschreibung: Durchbricht RDP- und SMB-Dienste.“] class tool_nlbrute tool tool_mimikatz[„Werkzeug – Name: Mimikatz Beschreibung: Dumped Anmeldedaten aus dem Speicher und SAM.“] class tool_mimikatz tool tool_kportscan[„Werkzeug – Name: KPortScan Beschreibung: Scannt Ports auf Remote-Hosts.“] class tool_kportscan tool tool_adv_port_scanner[„Werkzeug – Name: Advanced Port Scanner Beschreibung: Listet offene Ports und Dienste auf.“] class tool_adv_port_scanner tool tool_new_exe[„Werkzeug – Name: 5u2011NS new.exe Beschreibung: Benutzerdefinierter Scanner zur Host-Auflistung.“] class tool_new_exe tool tool_powershell_cmd[„Werkzeug – Name: PowerShell Setu2011MpPreference Beschreibung: Deaktiviert Windows Defender-Funktionen.“] class tool_powershell_cmd tool tool_confuserex[„Werkzeug – Name: ConfuserEx Beschreibung: .NET-Obfuskator, der auf Ransomware-Binärdatei verwendet wird.“] class tool_confuserex tool tool_shellexecute[„Werkzeug – Name: ShellExecuteA API Beschreibung: Führt Dateien über System-Binärdateien aus.“] class tool_shellexecute tool tool_vssadmin[„Werkzeug – Name: vssadmin Beschreibung: Löscht Volume Shadow Copies.“] class tool_vssadmin tool tool_wbadmin[„Werkzeug – Name: wbadmin Beschreibung: Deaktiviert Sicherungsdienste.“] class tool_wbadmin tool tool_bcdedit[„Werkzeug – Name: bcdedit Beschreibung: Ändert Boot-Konfigurationsdaten.“] class tool_bcdedit tool %% Verbindungen zwischen Techniken tech_bruteforce u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_exploit_remote tech_exploit_remote u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_cred_dump tech_cred_dump u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_discovery tech_discovery u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_rdp_lateral tech_rdp_lateral u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_powershell tech_powershell u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_obfuscation tech_obfuscation u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_proxy_exec tech_proxy_exec u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_persistence tech_persistence u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_event_trigger tech_event_trigger u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_encryption tech_encryption u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_inhibit_recovery tech_inhibit_recovery u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_service_stop tech_service_stop u002du002d>|leads_to| tech_disk_wipe %% Technik zu Werkzeug Verwendung tech_bruteforce u002du002d>|uses| tool_nlbrute tech_cred_dump u002du002d>|uses| tool_mimikatz tech_discovery u002du002d>|uses| tool_kportscan tech_discovery u002du002d>|uses| tool_adv_port_scanner tech_discovery u002du002d>|uses| tool_new_exe tech_powershell u002du002d>|uses| tool_powershell_cmd tech_obfuscation u002du002d>|uses| tool_confuserex tech_proxy_exec u002du002d>|uses| tool_shellexecute tech_inhibit_recovery u002du002d>|uses| tool_vssadmin tech_inhibit_recovery u002du002d>|uses| tool_wbadmin tech_inhibit_recovery u002du002d>|uses| tool_bcdedit „

Angriffsablauf

Angriffsnarrativ & Kommandos:
Der Angreifer hat lokale Administratorrechte auf einer kompromittierten Workstation erlangt. Um Anmeldedaten zu ernten, lassen sie eine benutzerdefinierte Batch-Datei mit dem Namen !start.bat im selben Verzeichnis wie mimikatz.exeablegen. Die Batch-Datei startet einfach Mimikatz mit den privilege::debug and sekurlsa::logonpasswords Befehlen. Durch das Aufrufen der Batch-Datei von einer PowerShell-Eingabeaufforderung wird die Befehlszeile, die von Ereignis 4688 aufgezeichnet wird, die Zeichenkette !start.batenthalten, die die Erkennungsbedingung erfüllt.

Regressionstestskript:

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Setup: Erstellen Sie ein temporäres Verzeichnis und platzieren Sie Mimikatz
# ---------------------------------------------------------
$tempDir = "$env:TEMPmimikatz_test"
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $tempDir | Out-Null

# Gehen Sie davon aus, dass mimikatz.exe unter C:Toolsmimikatz.exe verfügbar ist
Copy-Item -Path "C:Toolsmimikatz.exe" -Destination $tempDir -Force

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Erstellen Sie das benutzerdefinierte Batch-Skript !start.bat
# ---------------------------------------------------------
$batPath = Join-Path $tempDir "!start.bat"
@'
@echo off
"mimikatz.exe" "privilege::debug" "sekurlsa::logonpasswords" exit
'@ | Set-Content -Path $batPath -Encoding ASCII

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Führen Sie das Batch-Skript aus (dieser Schritt sollte auslösen)
# ---------------------------------------------------------
$cmd = "cmd.exe /c `"$batPath`""
Start-Process -FilePath "cmd.exe" -ArgumentList "/c `"$batPath`"" -WorkingDirectory $tempDir -NoNewWindow

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# Warten Sie eine kurze Zeit, um sicherzustellen, dass das Ereignis protokolliert wird
# ---------------------------------------------------------
Start-Sleep -Seconds 5

Bereinigungskommandos:

# Entfernen Sie das temporäre Verzeichnis und alle Artefakte
Remove-Item -Path $tempDir -Recurse -Force

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Name	Descripiton
PHPSESSID	Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages.
sp_i	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_r	Used to store information about authenticated User.
sp_a	Used to store information about authenticated User.

Name	Descripiton
tuuid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
tuuid_last_update	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
um	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
umeh	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded.
na_sc_x	Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site.
APID	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
IDSYNC	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website.
_cc_aud	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_cc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_dc	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
_cc_id	Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.
dpm	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
acs	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
clid	Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.
KRTBCOOKIE_#	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PUBMDCID	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
PugT	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.
ssi	Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
_tmid	Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips.
wam-sync	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
wui	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
AFFICHE_W	Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website.
B	Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor.
1P_JAR	These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates.
APISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
HSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
NID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SAPISID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
SIDCC	Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access.
SSID	Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users.
__utmx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.
__utmxx	This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website.

Name	Descripiton
_hjid	Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.
_hjIncludedInSample	This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample.
intercom-id-[xxx]	This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site.
intercom-session-[xxx]	Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations.
demdex	Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads.
CookieConsent	Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain.
__cfduid	Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
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Name	Descripiton
_ga	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.
_gat	Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes.
_gid	This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.
IDE	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
r/collect	Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
test_cookie	Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies.
collect	Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels.
ads/user-lists/#	These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites.
c	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
khaos	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
put_#	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpb	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
rpx	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.
tap.php	Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network.