Detection stack
- AIDR
- Alert
- ETL
- Query
概要
Funklockerランサムウェアは、FunkSecグループに関連付けられ、Windows環境をターゲットにし、AI支援のコード生成を利用して新しいバリアントを生み出します。PowerShell、taskkill、sc、vssadminなどのツールを悪用して、セキュリティ制御をシャットダウンし、シャドウコピーを削除し、データを.funksec拡張子で暗号化するなどの、生存型手法に依存しています。この記事では、SysmonとカスタムWazuhルールを使用してこれらの動作を検出する方法、および統合されたYARAスキャンを通じてクリーンアップを自動化する方法について説明します。
調査
この解析では、FunklockerがWindowsセキュリティとアプリケーションイベントログを押し下げ、Windows Defenderのリアルタイム保護を無効にし、PowerShell実行ポリシーをバイパスし、プロセスを終了させ、重要なサービスを停止し、Volume Shadow Copyのバックアップを消去する方法について説明しています。テストサンプルは、Wazuhエージェントがインストールされ、Sysmonが関連するすべてのテレメトリをキャプチャするように調整されたWindows 11のラボホストで発火されました。
Funlockerランサムウェア対策
推奨される緩和手順には、PowerShell実行ポリシーの強化、サービス管理における最低特権の適用、シャドウコピーが利用可能なことを確認しつつ頻繁なバックアップの維持、Wazuhと特注のSysmonルールを組み合わせたEDRツールの配備でFunklockerのコマンドパターンを警告することが含まれます。YARAシグネチャを適用して識別されたランサムウェア実行可能ファイルを自動的に隔離または削除することができます。
対応
Funklockerの活動が検出されると、Wazuhサーバーはアラートを上げ、Active ResponseコンポーネントがYARAスキャンをトリガーしてランサムウェアバイナリおよび新たに作成された暗号化ファイルを削除します。記された対応プロセスは、手動検証、影響を受けたシステムの封じ込め、信頼できる未損傷のバックアップからのデータ復旧もカバーしています。
graph TB %% Class definitions classDef action fill:#99ccff classDef tool fill:#ffcc99 classDef malware fill:#ff9999 %% Nodes action_phishing[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1204.004 ユーザー実行: 悪意のあるファイル</b><br/>悪意のある添付ファイルを含むフィッシングメールが被害者に送信される”] class action_phishing action action_execute_payload[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1218.007 署名付きバイナリのプロキシ実行: Msiexec</b><br/>システムユーティリティを使用して悪意のある .exe または .msi ペイロードを実行する”] class action_execute_payload action action_install_rat[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1219 リモートアクセスツール</b><br/>侵害されたホストにリモートアクセスツールをインストールする”] class action_install_rat action malware_rat[“<b>Malware</b> – <b>名前</b>: リモートアクセスツール<br/><b>説明</b>: 永続的なリモート制御を可能にする”] class malware_rat malware action_c2[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1104 コマンド&コントロール</b><br/>指示を受信するための C2 チャネルを確立する”] class action_c2 action action_recon[“<b>Action</b> – 偵察<br/><b>T1082 システム情報探索</b>, <b>T1592.002 ソフトウェア識別</b>, <b>T1590.004 ネットワークトポロジ探索</b><br/>システム、ソフトウェア、ネットワークの詳細を収集する”] class action_recon action action_credential_dump[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1555.003 ファイル内の認証情報: Web ブラウザ</b><br/>WebBrowserPassView を使用して保存された Web 認証情報を抽出する”] class action_credential_dump action tool_webbrowserpassview[“<b>Tool</b> – <b>名前</b>: WebBrowserPassView<br/><b>説明</b>: ブラウザに保存されたパスワードを取得する”] class tool_webbrowserpassview tool action_valid_accounts[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1078 有効なアカウント</b><br/>取得した認証情報を使用して認証を行う”] class action_valid_accounts action action_lateral_movement[“<b>Action</b> – <b>T1021.006 リモートサービス: WinRM</b><br/>Windows Remote Management を使用してラテラルムーブメントを行う”] class action_lateral_movement action %% Connections action_phishing u002du002d>|leads to| action_execute_payload action_execute_payload u002du002d>|executes| action_install_rat action_install_rat u002du002d>|installs| malware_rat malware_rat u002du002d>|communicates with| action_c2 action_c2 u002du002d>|enables| action_recon action_recon u002du002d>|provides data for| action_credential_dump action_credential_dump u002du002d>|uses| tool_webbrowserpassview action_credential_dump u002du002d>|leads to| action_valid_accounts action_valid_accounts u002du002d>|enables| action_lateral_movement
攻撃の流れ
検出
Wevtutilの不審な使用による防御回避活動の可能性 (cmdline経由)
表示
VSSADMINの不審な活動 (cmdline経由)
表示
検出するIOCs (HashSha256): Wazuhを用いたFunklockerランサムウェアの検出と対応
表示
Wevtutilの不審な使用による防御回避活動の可能性 (cmdline経由)
表示
VSSADMINの不審な活動 (cmdline経由)
表示
シミュレーション実行
前提条件:テレメトリとベースラインのプレフライトチェックが合格していること。
根拠:このセクションでは、検出ルールをトリガーするよう設計された敵の技術(TTP)の正確な実行について詳細に説明しています。コマンドとナラティブは、特定されたTTPを直接反映し、検出ロジックが期待する正確なテレメトリを生成することを目指しています。
-
攻撃内容とコマンド:
攻撃者は、侵害されたエンドポイントでローカル管理者権限を取得しました。ランサムウェアが中断なく実行できかつ隠れたままであることを確実にするために、一連のPowerShellワンライナーを実行し、(1) セキュリティイベントログを無効にし、(2) Microsoft Defenderのリアルタイム保護をオフにし、(3) アプリケーションログを無効にし、(4) PowerShell実行ポリシーをバイパスに設定します。各コマンドは昇格されたPowerShellプロンプトから直接発行され、Sigmaルールがマッチする文字列を正確に反映します。 -
回帰テストスクリプト:
# Funklockerスタイルのログ無効化とディフェンダーコマンド # 1. セキュリティイベントログを無効化 powershell -Command "wevtutil sl Security /e:false" # 2. Microsoft Defenderのリアルタイム監視を無効化 powershell -Command "Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true" # 3. アプリケーションイベントログを無効化 powershell -Command "wevtutil sl Application /e:false" # 4. 現在のプロセス用にPowerShell実行ポリシーをバイパスする powershell -Command "Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force" -
クリーンアップコマンド:
# セキュリティイベントログを再有効化 wevtutil sl Security /e:true # Microsoft Defenderのリアルタイム監視を再有効化 Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $false # アプリケーションイベントログを再有効化 wevtutil sl Application /e:true # PowerShell実行ポリシーを既定(制限付き)に復元 Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted -Scope Process -Force
SOCプライムのDetection as Codeプラットフォームに参加してください ビジネスに最も関連する脅威の可視性を向上させるために。開始をお手伝いし、即時の価値を提供するために、今すぐSOCプライムの専門家とミーティングを予約してください。
Cookie Settings
You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| PHPSESSID | Preserves user session state across page requests. Cookie generated by applications based on the PHP language. This is a general purpose identifier used to maintain user session variables. It is normally a random generated number, how it is used can be specific to the site, but a good example is maintaining a logged-in status for a user between pages. |
| sp_i | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
| sp_r | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
| sp_a | Used to store information about authenticated User. |
All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| tuuid | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| tuuid_last_update | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| um | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| umeh | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. |
| na_sc_x | Used by the social sharing platform AddThis to keep a record of parts of the site that has been visited in order to recommend other parts of the site. |
| APID | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website. |
| IDSYNC | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website. |
| _cc_aud | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_cc | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_dc | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| _cc_id | Collects anonymous statistical data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising. |
| dpm | Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
| acs | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
| clid | Collects anonymous data related to the user's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads. |
| KRTBCOOKIE_# | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| PUBMDCID | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| PugT | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads. |
| ssi | Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user's device. The ID is used for targeted ads. |
| _tmid | Registers a unique ID that identifies the user's device upon return visits. The ID is used to target ads in video clips. |
| wam-sync | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| wui | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| AFFICHE_W | Used by the advertising platform Weborama to determine the visitor's interests based on pages visits, content clicked and other actions on the website. |
| B | Collects anonymous data related to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used to categorise the users' interest and demographical profiles with the purpose of customising the website content depending on the visitor. |
| 1P_JAR | These cookies are used to gather website statistics, and track conversion rates. |
| APISID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| HSID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| NID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SAPISID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| SIDCC | Security cookie to protect users data from unauthorised access. |
| SSID | Google set a number of cookies on any page that includes a Google reCAPTCHA. While we have no control over the cookies set by Google, they appear to include a mixture of pieces of information to measure the number and behaviour of Google reCAPTCHA users. |
| __utmx | This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website. |
| __utmxx | This cookie is associated with Google Website Optimizer, a tool designed to help site owners improve their wbesites. It is used to distinguish between two varaitions a webpage that might be shown to a visitor as part of an A/B split test. This helps site owners to detemine which version of a page performs better, and therefore helps to improve the website. |
If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| _hjid | Hotjar cookie. This cookie is set when the customer first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the random user ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID. |
| _hjIncludedInSample | This cookie is associated with web analytics functionality and services from Hot Jar, a Malta based company. It uniquely identifies a visitor during a single browser session and indicates they are included in an audience sample. |
| intercom-id-[xxx] | This cookie is used by Intercom as a session so that users can continue a chat as they move through the site. |
| intercom-session-[xxx] | Used to keeping track of sessions and remember logins and conversations. |
| demdex | Via a unique ID that is used for semantic content analysis, the user's navigation on the website is registered and linked to offline data from surveys and similar registrations to display targeted ads. |
| CookieConsent | Stores the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. |
| __cfduid | Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic. |
| ss | These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation . They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. These services may include the Live Chat facility, Contact Us form(s), the Product Quotation forms and submission process, and the Email Newsletter sign up functionality . |
They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
| Name | Descripiton |
|---|---|
| _ga | This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners. |
| _gat | Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate. This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics, according to documentation it is used to throttle the request rate - limiting the collection of data on high traffic sites. It expires after 10 minutes. |
| _gid | This cookie name is asssociated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited. Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses the website. |
| IDE | Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. |
| r/collect | Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user. |
| test_cookie | Used to check if the user's browser supports cookies. |
| collect | Used to send data to Google Analytics about the visitor's device and behaviour. Tracks the visitor across devices and marketing channels. |
| ads/user-lists/# | These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. |
| c | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| khaos | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| put_# | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| rpb | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| rpx | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |
| tap.php | Registers anonymised user data, such as IP address, geographical location, visited websites, and what ads the user has clicked, with the purpose of optimising ad display based on the user's movement on websites that use the same ad network. |